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Shloka 28

आत्मदर्शन-उपदेशः (Ātma-darśana Upadeśa) — Mind, Senses, and the All-pervading Self

तप: परं कृतयुगे त्रेतायां ज्ञानमुत्तमम्‌ । द्वापरे यज्ञमेवाहुर्दानमेक॑ कलौ युगे

tapaḥ paraṁ kṛtayuge tretāyāṁ jñānam uttamam | dvāpare yajñam evāhur dānam ekaṁ kalau yuge ||

ヴィヤーサは説く。時代の性質に応じて、最上の霊的修行もまた移り変わる。クリタ(サティヤ)・ユガではタパス——苦行と自制——が至高とされ、トレーター・ユガでは真の知が最上と讃えられる。ドヴァーパラ・ユガではヤジュニャ(祭祀・供犠)が主要の道と宣され、カリ・ユガではダーナ——ダルマの心をもって施す布施——こそがただ一つ最も勝れた実践であると教えられる。この偈は、ダルマは目的において一つでありながら、方法は時代の力と状況に応じて調えられることを示している。

तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
परम्supreme, highest
परम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कृतयुगेin the Kṛta (Satya) age
कृतयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकृतयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
त्रेतायाम्in the Tretā age
त्रेतायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootत्रेता
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
ज्ञानम्knowledge
ज्ञानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootज्ञान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमम्best, excellent
उत्तमम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
द्वापरेin the Dvāpara age
द्वापरे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootद्वापर
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
यज्ञम्sacrifice
यज्ञम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootयज्ञ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
एवindeed, alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
आहुःthey say, they declare
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPresent (Lat), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
दानम्gift, charity
दानम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एकम्one, sole
एकम्:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
कलौin Kali (age)
कलौ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकलि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
युगेin the age
युगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootयुग
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
K
Kṛta (Satya) Yuga
T
Tretā Yuga
D
Dvāpara Yuga
K
Kali Yuga
T
tapas
J
jñāna
Y
yajña
D
dāna

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches yuga-dharma: while the goal of dharma remains constant, the most effective or emphasized practice differs by age—tapas in Kṛta, jñāna in Tretā, yajña in Dvāpara, and dāna in Kali—reflecting changing human capacity and social conditions.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous living and social order, Vyāsa states a traditional classification of the principal religious practice for each yuga, guiding listeners toward an appropriate path for their time—especially highlighting charity as the accessible excellence in Kali Yuga.