Shloka 80

योग–सांख्यसमन्वयः, रथोपमा, व्यक्त–अव्यक्तविवेकः

Yoga–Sāṃkhya Synthesis, Chariot Allegory, and the Vyakta–Avyakta Distinction

Devanagari script

तेष्वेवमादीनाचारानाचरत्सु विपर्यये

Transliteration

teṣv evam-ādīn ācārān ācaratsu viparyaye

Translation

そのような者たちが、正しい行いの規範などを教え諭されていながら、なお逆の道を行い—正しい実践を捨てて、その転倒へと向かうとき—

Word by Word

• तेषु: among them / in those (people)
• तेषु: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: masculine/neuter, locative, plural

• एवम्: thus / in this manner
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एवम्

• आदीन्: and other (such) / etc.
• आदीन्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आदि
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• आचारान्: customs / practices / conduct-rules
• आचारान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: आचार
• Form: masculine, accusative, plural

• आचरत्सु: while (they) were practicing / observing
• आचरत्सु: Adhikarana
• Type: Verb
• Root: आचर्
• Form: masculine/neuter, locative, plural, present active participle (शतृ), locative plural

• विपर्यये: in reversal / in the contrary situation
• विपर्यये: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: विपर्यय
• Form: masculine, locative, singular

Speaker

शक्र उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Śakra (Indra)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights a key ethical concern in dharma-literature: knowing or being taught proper conduct is not enough—when people act contrary to established right practice, disorder and moral failure follow. It sets up a contrast between dharmic norms (ācāra) and their violation (viparyaya).

What is happening in the narrative?

Śakra (Indra) is speaking and describing a situation where individuals who have been associated with or instructed in proper codes of conduct nevertheless behave in the opposite way. The verse functions as a transitional clause, preparing for consequences, admonition, or corrective guidance in the surrounding passage.