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Shloka 5

श्रीशक्रसंवादः — The Dialogue of Śrī

Lakṣmī) and Śakra (Indra

त्यागश्न संनतिश्वैव शिष्यते तप उत्तमम्‌ | सदोपवासी च भवेद्‌ ब्रह्मचारी सदा भवेत्‌,उनके मतमें तो त्याग और विनय ही उत्तम तप है। इनका पालन करनेवाला मनुष्य नित्य उपवासी और सदा ब्रह्मचारी है

tyāgaś ca namatiś caiva śiṣyate tapa uttamam | sadopavāsī ca bhaved brahmacārī sadā bhavet ||

ビーシュマは言った。「捨離と謙譲、この二つこそが最高の苦行として説かれる。これを真に実践する者は、心の上では常に断食しているかのようであり、常に梵行(ブラフマチャリヤ)の禁欲に安住している—感官が制され、我執が鎮められているからである。」

त्यागःrenunciation
त्यागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootत्याग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
नतिःhumility, reverence
नतिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed, alone
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
शिष्यतेis taught / is prescribed
शिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootशिष्
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada, Active (Atmanepada usage)
तपःausterity, penance
तपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
उत्तमम्supreme, best
उत्तमम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
उपवासीone who fasts
उपवासी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपवासिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
भवेत्should be / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्रह्मचारीcelibate student; one observing brahmacarya
ब्रह्मचारी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मचारिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सदाalways
सदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसदा
भवेत्should be / would be
भवेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma

Educational Q&A

The highest tapas is not mere physical hardship but inner discipline: renunciation (tyāga) and humility (vinaya/namati). Practicing these makes one ‘always fasting’ and ‘always brahmacārī’ in the ethical sense—because desire, pride, and indulgence are continually restrained.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma after the war, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira about true austerity and virtue, redefining tapas as moral and psychological self-mastery rather than external ritual alone.