Shloka 40
Adhyāya 199: Karma–Jñāna Causality and the Nirguṇa Brahman
Manu’s Instruction
Devanagari script
ब्राह्मण उवाच द्विविधा ब्राह्मणा राजन धर्मश्न द्विविध: स्मृतः । प्रवृत्ताश्न निवृत्ताश्न निवृत्तो5हं प्रतिग्रहात्
Translation
婆羅門は言った。「王よ、婆羅門には二種があり、ダルマもまた二つの道として伝えられております。すなわち、行為へ向かう道（pravṛtti）と、離欲へ向かう道（nivṛtti）です。私は施与を受け取ること（pratigraha）から退いた婆羅門であります。」
Word by Word
ब्राह्मणःthe Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, Third, Singular
द्विविधाःof two kinds
द्विविधाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्राह्मणाःBrahmins
ब्राह्मणाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
धर्मःdharma
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
द्विविधःtwofold
द्विविधः:
TypeAdjective
Rootद्विविध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
स्मृतःis considered/remembered
स्मृतः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्मृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)
प्रवृत्तिःengagement (worldly activity)
प्रवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
निवृत्तिःwithdrawal (renunciation)
निवृत्तिः:
TypeNoun
Rootनिवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
निवृत्तःwithdrawn/refraining
निवृत्तः:
TypeVerb
Rootनि-वृत्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past active/participial usage)
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअहम्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
प्रतिग्रहात्from accepting gifts
प्रतिग्रहात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootप्रतिग्रह
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
Speaker
ब्राह्मण उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes