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Shloka 3

Jñāna-yoga and Karma-phala: Manu–Bṛhaspati on Akṣara and the Limits of Mantra

पुरीषं यदि वा मूत्र ये न कुर्वन्ति मानवा: । राजमार्गे गवां मध्ये धान्यमध्ये च ते शुभा:,जो मनुष्य सड़कपर, गौओंके बीचमें और अनाजमें मल या मूत्रका त्याग नहीं करते हैं, वे श्रेष्ठ समझे जाते हैं

purīṣaṃ yadi vā mūtraṃ ye na kurvanti mānavāḥ | rāja-mārge gavāṃ madhye dhānya-madhye ca te śubhāḥ ||

ビーシュマは言った。「王の大路の上でも、牛の群れの中でも、貯えた穀物のただ中でも、大小便をして汚さぬ者は、徳あり礼をわきまえた者と見なされる。」この教えは、日々の節制と清浄こそがダルマのしるしであり、公の場と生きものと共同の糧を穢れから守るのだと示している。

पुरीषम्feces
पुरीषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरीष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
यदिif
यदि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयदि
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
मूत्रम्urine
मूत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
येwho (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वन्तिdo, perform
कुर्वन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Indicative, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
मानवाःpeople, humans
मानवाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमानव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
राजमार्गेon the king’s road, public road
राजमार्गे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजमार्ग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
मध्येin the middle, among
मध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
धान्यमध्येamong grain, in the midst of grain
धान्यमध्ये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधान्यमध्य
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शुभाःauspicious, good, excellent
शुभाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशुभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
R
rāja-mārga (royal/public road)
G
gāvaḥ (cows/cattle)
D
dhānya (grain)

Educational Q&A

Dharma includes everyday discipline: one should not defile public roads, cattle areas, or grain stores with excreta or urine. Such restraint reflects cleanliness, respect for others, and protection of shared resources.

In Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs on righteous conduct. Here he lists a practical mark of good character—maintaining purity and propriety in communal and sacredly valued spaces (roads, cattle, and grain).