Shloka 4
Ācāra-vidhi (Rules of Conduct) — Yudhiṣṭhira’s Inquiry and Bhīṣma’s Normative Catalogue
स जन्तु: सर्वभूतात्मा पुरुष: स सनातन: । मनो बुद्धिरहड्कारो भूतानि विषयश्चल सः
sa jantuḥ sarvabhūtātmā puruṣaḥ sa sanātanaḥ | mano buddhir ahaṅkāro bhūtāni viṣayāś ca saḥ ||
バラドヴァージャは言った。「その生きものこそ、あらゆる存在の自己――永遠のプルシャ（Purusha）である。同一の実在が、心（manas）、知性（buddhi）、我執（ahaṃkāra）となり、また諸元素となり、感官の対象としても現れる。」
भरद्वाज उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse teaches the identity and pervasiveness of the Self: the ‘living being’ is not an isolated entity but the eternal Purusha who is the Self in all beings, and who manifests as inner faculties (mind, intellect, ego) and as the experienced world (elements and sense-objects). Ethical implication: recognizing the same Self in all supports restraint, compassion, and non-harm.
In Shanti Parva’s instruction on peace and liberation, Bharadvaja presents a metaphysical explanation of the jiva and its relation to the universal principle. He frames the individual as a manifestation of the eternal Purusha, describing how consciousness appears as psychological functions and as the material and sensory domain.