Shloka 10

दान-धर्म-आश्रमविधानम्

Dana, Dharma, and the Four Āśramas

Devanagari script

ततः सलिलमुत्पन्नं तमसीवापरं तम: । तस्माच्च सलिलोत्पीडादुदतिष्ठत मारुत:,“तदनन्तर आकाशसे जलकी उत्पत्ति हुई; मानो अन्धकारमें ही दूसरा अन्धकार प्रकट हुआ हो। उस जलप्रवाहसे वायुका उत्थान हुआ

Transliteration

tataḥ salilam utpannaṃ tamasīvāparaṃ tamaḥ | tasmāc ca salilotpīḍād udatīṣṭhat mārutaḥ |

Translation

そののち、水が生じた――まるで闇の中にさらに第二の闇が現れるかのように。さらに、その水の大いなる塊の圧迫と奔流から、風神ヴァーユ（Vāyu）が起こった。

Word by Word

• ततः: then; thereafter; from that
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय

• सलिलम्: water
• सलिलम्: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: सलिल
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• उत्पन्नम्: arisen; produced
• उत्पन्नम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उत् + √पद् (पद्यते) → उत्पन्न (क्त)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तमसा: by darkness; in darkness
• तमसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया, एकवचन

• इव: as if; like
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव
• Form: अव्यय

• अपरम्: another; second
• अपरम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अपर
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा/द्वितीया, एकवचन

• तमः: darkness
• तमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: तमस्
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तस्मात्: from that; thence
• तस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तस्मात् (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात्)
• Form: अव्यय (अपादानार्थे)

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च
• Form: अव्यय

• सलिलोत्पीडात्: from the pressure/surge of water
• सलिलोत्पीडात्: Apadana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सलिल-उत्पीड
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी, एकवचन

• उदतिष्ठत: arose; stood up
• Type: Verb
• Root: उद् + √स्था (तिष्ठति)
• Form: लङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• मारुतः: wind; air
• मारुतः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: मारुत
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

Speaker

भरद्वाज उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bharadvāja
• salila (water)
• tamaḥ (darkness)
• māruta (wind/Vāyu)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse presents a cosmological sequence in which elements emerge from prior conditions: from an undifferentiated darkness arises water, and from the dynamic pressure of water arises wind. It frames creation as an ordered unfolding from subtle/obscure states to manifest forces.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bharadvāja is describing the early stages of creation: first the appearance of water in a state likened to deep darkness, and then the arising of wind (māruta) from the agitation/pressure within that watery mass.