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Shloka 753

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

मांसं मूत्रं पुरीषं च प्राश्य संस्कारमर्हति । अनास्तिक पुरुषोंके लिये एक गोदानमात्र ही प्रायश्चित्त बतलाया गया है। कुत्ते

bhīṣma uvāca | māṁsaṁ mūtraṁ purīṣaṁ ca prāśya saṁskāram arhati |

ビーシュマは言った。「もし二度生まれ(dvija)が肉・尿・糞を口にするなら、定められた浄化の儀礼によって再び聖別(saṁskāra)を受けねばならない。この教えが示すのは、清浄と信に対する意図的な破り—とりわけ不浄または禁じられたものに関わる行い—は些細な過失として扱われず、正式な贖罪と儀礼の規律によって法(ダルマ)上の地位を回復することが求められる、という点である。周辺の説明ではさらに、不信者(nāstika)には牛一頭の施与が贖罪とされ、犬・豚・人・雄鶏・驢馬などの肉、あるいはその穢れ(糞尿)を食した場合、dvija は改めて saṁskāra を受ける必要があると述べられている。」

मांसम्meat/flesh
मांसम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमांस
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
मूत्रम्urine
मूत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमूत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
पुरीषम्feces/excrement
पुरीषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरीष
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
प्राश्यhaving eaten/consumed
प्राश्य:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + अश्
Formल्यप् (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral as gerund)
संस्कारम्purificatory rite/re-consecration
संस्कारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंस्कार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
अर्हतिdeserves/is fit for/should undergo
अर्हति:
TypeVerb
Rootअर्ह्
FormPresent (Lat), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
D
dvija
G
go-dāna (cow-gift)
D
dog
P
pig
H
human
R
rooster
D
donkey

Educational Q&A

The passage teaches that serious violations of purity norms—especially consuming forbidden or impure substances—require formal expiation and restorative rites (saṁskāra) to re-establish dharmic eligibility; it also notes a specific expiation (cow-gift) in the case of a nāstika.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is advising Yudhishthira about rules of conduct and expiation, specifying what purification is required when a dvija consumes impure substances and mentioning related expiations for particular cases.