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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 166: Kṛtaghna-doṣa (कृतघ्नदोषः) — the fault of ingratitude and the limits of expiation

इष्टिं वैश्वानरीं नित्यं निर्वपेदब्दपर्यये । अनुकल्प: परो धर्मो धर्मवादैस्तु केवलम्‌

bhīṣma uvāca | iṣṭiṃ vaiśvānarīṃ nityaṃ nirvaped abdaparyaye | anukalpaḥ paro dharmo dharmavādais tu kevalam ||

ビーシュマは言った。「年ごとの時節に、アーグラヤナ(Āgrayaṇa)など定められた年次の儀礼・供犠を行えないなら、その代わりに毎日ヴァイシュヴァーナラのイシュティ(Vaiśvānara iṣṭi)を捧げるべきである。主たる義務の代わりに行うこの代行の実践をアヌカルパ(anukalpa)といい、権威あるダルマの説示者が教えるところによれば、このアヌカルパ自体が至高の正しさなのである。」

इष्टिम्oblation; iṣṭi-sacrifice
इष्टिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootइष्टि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
वैश्वानरीम्Vaiśvānara-related (to Agni Vaiśvānara)
वैश्वानरीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootवैश्वानरी
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
नित्यम्always; daily
नित्यम्:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनित्य
निर्वपेत्should offer; should perform (as an oblation)
निर्वपेत्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्वप्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
अब्दपर्ययेat the turn/end of the year; annually
अब्दपर्यये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootअब्द-पर्यय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (भीष्म)
V
Vaiśvānara (वैश्वानर)
I
iṣṭi (इष्टि)
Ā
Āgrayaṇa (आग्रयण) (implied in the Gita Press gloss)

Educational Q&A

When a prescribed major annual rite cannot be performed, dharma allows a sanctioned substitute (anukalpa). Performing the substitute sincerely—here, the daily Vaiśvānara iṣṭi—counts as a high form of righteousness rather than a mere compromise.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma advises Yudhiṣṭhira about ritual obligations and their practical fulfillment, explaining how substitute rites are authorized when circumstances prevent the primary annual sacrifices.