Shloka 44

Dama-pradhāna-dharma (Self-restraint as the Root of Dharma) — Śānti-parva 154

Devanagari script

कि करिष्यथ शोचित्वा मृतं किमनुशोचथ । सर्वस्य हि प्रभु: कालो धर्मत: समदर्शन:

Transliteration

kiṁ kariṣyatha śocitvā mṛtaṁ kim anuśocatha | sarvasya hi prabhuḥ kālo dharmataḥ samadarśanaḥ ||

Translation

ビーシュマは言った。「嘆いて何を成し遂げるというのか。すでに死した者をなぜ嘆く—生き返らせることができるのか。時のみが万物の支配者にして主であり、ダルマにかなって、すべてを等しく見つめる。」

Word by Word

• किम्: what
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• करिष्यथ: will you do
• करिष्यथ: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: कृ (करणे)
• Form: simple future (luṭ), second, plural, parasmaipada

• शोचित्वा: having grieved
• शोचित्वा: Karana
• Type: Verb
• Root: शुच् (शोके)
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), parasmaipada (usage)

• मृतम्: the dead (one), dead
• मृतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मृत (from √मृ)
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• किम्: what
• किम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: neuter, accusative, singular

• अनुशोचथ: do you grieve (over)
• अनुशोचथ: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: अनु-शुच् (अनुशोके)
• Form: present (laṭ), second, plural, parasmaipada

• सर्वस्य: of all
• सर्वस्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: सर्व
• Form: masculine/neuter, genitive, singular

• हि: indeed/for
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि

• प्रभुः: lord, master
• प्रभुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: प्रभु
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• कालः: Time (Death)
• कालः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: काल
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

• धर्मतः: according to dharma, rightly
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: धर्म
• Form: tasil-ablatival adverb (-तः)

• समदर्शनः: one who sees equally; impartial
• समदर्शनः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: समदर्शन
• Form: masculine, nominative, singular

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhīṣma
• Kāla (Time)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Grief cannot reverse death; therefore one should restrain excessive lamentation and recognize Kāla (Time) as the impartial sovereign operating in accordance with dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Śānti Parva, Bhīṣma instructs and consoles by redirecting attention from emotional lament to a dharmic understanding of mortality and the inevitability of Time.