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Shloka 5

Daṇḍa as the Foundation of Social Order (दण्डप्रतिष्ठा)

राजदण्डभयादेके पापा: पापं न कुर्वते । यमदण्डभयादेके परलोकभयादपि,कितने ही पापी राजदण्डके भयसे पाप नहीं करते हैं। कुछ लोग यमदण्डके भयसे, कोई परलोकके भयसे और कितने ही पापी आपसमें एक-दूसरेके भयसे पाप नहीं करते हैं। जगत्‌की ऐसी ही स्वाभाविक स्थिति है; इसलिये सब कुछ दण्डमें ही प्रतिष्ठित है

rājadaṇḍabhayād eke pāpāḥ pāpaṃ na kurvate | yamadaṇḍabhayād eke paralokabhayād api |

アルジュナは言った。「ある罪人は王の刑罰を恐れて悪をなさず、ある者はヤマ(閻魔)の杖を恐れ、またある者は来世を恐れて慎む。これが世の自然のありさまだ。ゆえに万事はダンダの上に据えられている—秩序を保つ抑止の力として。」

राजदण्डभयात्from fear of the king's punishment
राजदण्डभयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootराजदण्डभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
एकेsome (people)
एके:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पापाःsinful (persons)
पापाः:
Karta
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootपाप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पापम्sin
पापम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपाप
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कुर्वतेdo (commit)
कुर्वते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Atmanepada
यमदण्डभयात्from fear of Yama's punishment
यमदण्डभयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयमदण्डभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
एकेsome (people)
एके:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परलोकभयात्from fear of the next world
परलोकभयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootपरलोकभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि

अजुन उवाच

A
Arjuna
R
Rāja (king/royal authority)
D
Daṇḍa (punishment/rod)
Y
Yama
P
Paraloka (afterlife)

Educational Q&A

Moral restraint in society often arises not from inner virtue alone but from fear of consequences—state punishment, divine/judicial retribution (Yama), and the results in the afterlife. Hence daṇḍa (sanctioning power) is presented as a foundational support for social order.

Arjuna is speaking within the Shanti Parva’s discussions on governance and dharma, pointing out that many people avoid wrongdoing primarily due to fear of punishment and post-mortem consequences, underscoring the practical necessity of daṇḍa in maintaining order.