Shloka 17

यस्मिन्‌ क्षमा च क्रोधश्व दानादाने भयाभये । निग्रहानुग्रहौ चोभौ स वै धर्मविदुच्यते,जिसमें समयानुसार क्षमा और क्रोध दोनों प्रकट होते हैं, जो दान देता और कर लेता है, जिसमें शत्रुओंको भय दिखाने और शरणागतोंको अभय देनेकी शक्ति है, जो दुष्टोंको दण्ड देता और दीनोंपर अनुग्रह करता है, वही धर्मज्ञ कहलाता है

yasmin kṣamā ca krodhaś ca dānādāne bhayābhaye | nigrahānugrahau cobhau sa vai dharmavid ucyate ||

時と状況に応じて、忍耐と正しき憤りの双方が起こり、与えることも、義務が求めるときには取ることもでき、敵には恐れを抱かせつつ、帰依して来る者には無畏を授け、悪を罰して抑えながら、困窮する者には慈悲と恩恵を施す——そのような者こそ、ダルマを知る者と呼ばれる。

यस्मिन्in whom/wherein
यस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
क्षमाforbearance, forgiveness
क्षमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षमा
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
क्रोधःanger
क्रोधः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्रोध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
दानgiving, gift
दान:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अदानnon-giving/withholding (taking as opposite of giving)
अदान:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअदान
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
भयfear
भय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
अभयfearlessness, security
अभय:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअभय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
निग्रहrestraint, punishment
निग्रह:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनिग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुग्रहौfavor, grace
अनुग्रहौ:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअनुग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
उभौboth
उभौ:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउभ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Dual
सःhe/that person
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
धर्मविद्knower of dharma
धर्मविद्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मविद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उच्यतेis called
उच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPresent, Passive, Third, Singular

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Educational Q&A

True knowledge of dharma is not one-sided softness or harshness; it is balanced discernment—knowing when to forgive and when to be stern, when to give and when to take for justice, when to threaten wrongdoers and when to protect the vulnerable, combining punishment (nigraha) with compassion (anugraha).

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on righteous governance and conduct, the speaker defines the marks of a dharma-knower by listing paired virtues that must be applied according to time and context, a framework especially relevant to rulers and those responsible for social order.