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Shloka 5

आपद्धर्मनिर्णयः — विश्वामित्र-श्वपचसंवादः

Apaddharma Determination: Dialogue of Viśvāmitra and the Śvapaca

विषमस्थं हि राजानं शत्रव: परिपन्थिन: । बहवोडप्येकमुद्धर्तु यतन्ते पूर्वतापिता:

viṣamasthaṃ hi rājānaṃ śatravaḥ paripanthinaḥ | bahavo 'py ekam uddhartuṃ yatante pūrvatāpitāḥ ||

ユディシュティラは言った。「敵ども――街道の盗賊や他の敵対する者たちは――王が窮地に陥ったのを見ると、多くが徒党を組み、孤立して頼みなきその君主を根こそぎ引き倒そうと努めます。とりわけ、かつて王に懲らしめられた者たちがそうするのです。」

विषमस्थम्standing in adversity / in a difficult position
विषमस्थम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविषम-स्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
हिindeed / for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
राजानम्king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शत्रवःenemies
शत्रवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
परिपन्थिनःhighwaymen / bandits
परिपन्थिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपरिपन्थिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
बहवःmany
बहवः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिeven / also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एकम्one (single person)
एकम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
उद्धर्तुम्to uproot / to overthrow
उद्धर्तुम्:
TypeVerb
Rootउद्-हृ
FormInfinitive
यतन्तेthey strive / they attempt
यतन्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootयत्
FormPresent, 3rd, Plural, Atmanepada
पूर्वतापिताःpreviously afflicted / earlier harassed
पूर्वतापिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व-तापित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
R
rājā (king)
Ś
śatravaḥ (enemies)
P
paripanthinaḥ (highwaymen/robbers)

Educational Q&A

A ruler’s vulnerability invites coordinated aggression: when authority is weakened, hostile forces—especially those previously restrained—quickly unite to overthrow order. The verse underscores the ethical and practical need for stable governance and preparedness.

In the Śānti Parva’s discussion of rājadharma, Yudhiṣṭhira observes that enemies and bandits watch for a king’s misfortune; seeing him in crisis, they band together to depose him, particularly those who had earlier suffered punishment under his rule.