Shloka 42
त्रिवर्गमूलनिश्चयः — Determining the Roots of Dharma, Artha, and Kāma
Mahābhārata, Śānti-parva 123
Devanagari script
तं ददौ सूर्यपुत्रस्तु मनुर्वे रक्षणार्थकम् । आनुपूर्व्याच्च दण्डो<यं प्रजा जागर्ति पालयन्
Translation
太陽神の子マヌは、民を守るためにその「ダンダ（刑罰の権威）」を自らの子らの手に託した。そしてこのダンダは、秩序ある継承によって次々とより高位の権力者の手へと渡り、民を養い守りつつ、常に目覚めている。
Word by Word
तम्him / that (person)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददौgave
ददौ:
TypeVerb
Rootदा (दाने)
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
सूर्यपुत्रःthe son of the Sun (Vivasvat)
सूर्यपुत्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसूर्यपुत्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुindeed / but
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
मनुःManu
मनुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed / surely
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
रक्षणार्थकम्for the purpose of protection
रक्षणार्थकम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootरक्षणार्थक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आनुपूर्व्यात्from (due to) succession / in due order
आनुपूर्व्यात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootआनुपूर्व्य
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
चand
च:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच
दण्डःthe rod (punishment/authority)
दण्डः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदण्ड
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अयम्this
अयम्:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
प्रजाःthe subjects / people
प्रजाः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootप्रजा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
जागर्तिkeeps awake / watches
जागर्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootजागृ (जागरणे)
FormPresent (Laṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
पालयन्protecting / governing
पालयन्:
TypeVerb
Rootपाल् (पालने)
FormŚatṛ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
वसुहरोम उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes