Shloka 28
Daṇḍotpatti-kathana (Origin and Function of Daṇḍa) — वसुहोम–मान्धातृ संवाद
अन्तश्नादिश्व मध्यं च कृत्यानां च प्रपठडचनम् | मद: प्रमादो दर्पश्ष दम्भो धैर्य नयानयौ,अर्थ-अनर्थ, सुख-दुःख, धर्म-अधर्म, बल-अबल, दौर्भाग्य-सौभाग्य, पुण्य-पाप, गुण- अवगुण, काम-अकाम, ऋतु-मास, दिन-रात, क्षण, प्रमाद-अप्रमाद, हर्ष-क्रोध, शम-दम, दैव-पुरुषार्थ, बन्ध-मोक्ष, भय-अभय, हिंसा-अहिंसा, तप-यज्ञ, संयम, विष-अविष, आदि, अन्त, मध्य, कार्यविस्तार, मद, असावधानता, दर्प, दम्भ, धैर्य, नीति-अनीति, शक्ति- अशक्ति, मान, स्तब्धता, व्यय-अव्यय, विनय, दान, काल-अकाल, सत्य-असत्य, ज्ञान, श्रद्धा-अश्रद्धा, अकर्मण्यता, उद्योग, लाभ-हानि, जय-पराजय, तीक्ष्णता-मृदुता, मृत्यु, आना-जाना, विरोध-अविरोध, कर्तव्य-अकर्तव्य, सबलता-निर्बलता, असूया-अनसूया, धर्म- अधर्म, लज्जा-अलज्जा, सम्पत्ति-विपत्ति, स्थान, तेज, कर्म, पाण्डित्य, वाकृशक्ति तथा तत्त्ववोध--ये सब दण्डके ही अनेक नाम और रूप हैं। कुरुनन्दन! इस प्रकार इस जगतमें दण्डके बहुत-से रूप हैं
bhīṣma uvāca | antaḥśnādiś ca madhyaṃ ca kṛtyānāṃ ca prapaṭhaḍacanam | madaḥ pramādo darpaś ca dambho dhairyaṃ nayānayau |
Bhishma said: 'There are inner and outer aspects, and also a middle state; and there is the recitation/enumeration of the various “doings” (kṛtyas). Intoxication of power, heedlessness, pride, hypocrisy, steadfastness, and both right and wrong policy—these and countless paired opposites (such as gain and loss, victory and defeat, virtue and sin, bondage and liberation, fear and fearlessness, violence and non-violence) are all spoken of as many names and forms of daṇḍa (the principle of restraint and governance). O best of the Kurus, thus in this world daṇḍa appears in very many modes.'
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Daṇḍa (restraint/punitive authority) is not a single act but a broad governing principle that manifests through many conditions and opposites—virtue and vice, prudence and folly, strength and weakness—shaping social order and personal conduct.
In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on rāja-dharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira, explaining that the ruler’s instrument of order (daṇḍa) has many forms and is reflected in diverse human qualities and outcomes.