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Shloka 1

Duryodhana-vadha-pratikriyā: Harṣa, Nindā, and Kṛṣṇa’s Nīti-vyākhyā (Śalya-parva 60)

ऑपन-- मा बछ। अल षष्टितमो< ध्याय: क्रोधमें भरे हुए बलरामको श्रीकृष्णका समझाना और युधिष्ठिरके साथ श्रीकृष्णकी तथा भीमसेनकी बातचीत ध्तराष्ट्र रवाच अधर्मेण हतं दृष्टवा राजानं माधवोत्तम: । किमब्रवीत्‌ तदा सूत बलदेवो महाबल:

dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca | adharmeṇa hataṃ dṛṣṭvā rājānaṃ mādhavottamaḥ | kim abravīt tadā sūta baladevo mahābalaḥ ||

ドリタラーシュトラは問うた。「スータよ、ヤーダヴァ族の第一人者たる大力のバラデーヴァが、王(ドゥルヨーダナ)が不義の手段で討たれたのを見たとき、その剛腕の英雄はその時何と言ったのか。」

धृतराष्ट्रःDhritarashtra
धृतराष्ट्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृतराष्ट्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular
अधर्मेणby unrighteous means / unjustly
अधर्मेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअधर्म
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हतम्slain
हतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
Formkta (past passive participle), Masculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (ktvā), Active
राजानम्the king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
माधव-उत्तमःthe best of the Madhavas
माधव-उत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमाधवोत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
किम्what
किम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootकिम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अब्रवीत्said / spoke
अब्रवीत्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormImperfect, 3rd, Singular
तदाthen
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा
सूतO charioteer (Suta)
सूत:
TypeNoun
Rootसूत
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
बलदेवःBaladeva
बलदेवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootबलदेव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
महाबलःmighty-armed / very strong
महाबलः:
TypeAdjective
Rootमहाबल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
S
Sañjaya (Sūta)
B
Baladeva (Balarāma)
D
Duryodhana (implied by 'rājānam' in context)
M
Mādhava/Yādava lineage (as an epithet)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the Mahābhārata’s ethical lens: even in war, actions are judged against dharma. By highlighting that the king was slain 'adharmeṇa' (unrighteously), it sets up Baladeva’s moral response and the tension between victory and rightful conduct.

Dhṛtarāṣṭra questions Sañjaya about Baladeva’s words after Baladeva witnesses Duryodhana’s death, which is characterized as occurring through an unrighteous method—pointing to the controversial end of the mace duel.