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Shloka 9

Adhyāya 59: Vidura’s Admonition to Duryodhana after the Summons of Draupadī (सभा पर्व)

कुन्तीनन्दन! यदि पासा विपरीत पड़ जाय तो हम खिलाड़ियोंमेंसे एक पक्षको पराजित कर सकता है; अतः जय-पराजय दैवाधीन पासोंके ही आश्रित है। उसीसे पराजयरूप दोषकी प्राप्ति होती है। हारनेकी शंका तो हमें भी है, फिर भी हम खेलते हैं। अतः भूमिपाल! आप शंका न कीजिये, दाँव लगाइये, अब विलम्ब न कीजिये ।।

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | kuntīnandana! yadi pāśā viparītaṁ paḍa jāya to vayaṁ krīḍakānāṁ madhye ekaṁ pakṣaṁ parājitaṁ kartuṁ śaknoti; ataḥ jaya-parājayau daivādhīnau pāśānām eva āśritau staḥ | tasmād eva parājaya-rūpa-doṣaḥ prāpyate | hārasya śaṅkā tu asmākam api asti, tathāpi vayaṁ krīḍāmaḥ | ataḥ bhūmipāla! tvaṁ śaṅkāṁ mā kṛthāḥ, dāvaṁ nidhatsva, adhunā vilambaṁ mā kṛthāḥ || evam āha ayam asito devalo munisattamaḥ | imāni lokadvārāṇi yo vai bhrāmyati sarvadā ...

ユディシュティラは言った。「クンティの子よ、もし賽の目が逆に出れば、遊戯の中で一方を打ち負かすことができる。ゆえに勝敗は運命に依り、賽そのものに懸かっている。そこから敗北という姿を取った咎が生じる。われらも負けを恐れてはいるが、それでもなお賭ける。ゆえに、大地を護る王よ、疑うな—賭け金を定めよ。今はためらうな。」 さらに彼は、常に「諸世界の門」を巡り歩く最上の仙人アシタ・デーヴァラの言葉を想起した。すなわち、賭博師同士が欺きをもって行う賭けは罪であり、ダルマにかなう勝利は戦場でこそ得られる。ゆえにクシャトリヤにとって高き道は戦であって、賭博ではない。

युधिष्ठिरःYudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
एवम्thus
एवम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएवम्
आहsaid
आह:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect, 3, Singular
अयम्this (one)
अयम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
असितःAsita
असितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
देवलःDevala
देवलः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootदेवल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मुनिसत्तमःbest of sages
मुनिसत्तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमुनि-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इमानिthese
इमानि:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
लोकद्वाराणिdoors/portals of the worlds
लोकद्वाराणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोक-द्वार
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैindeed
वै:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवै
भ्राम्यतिwanders/roams
भ्राम्यति:
TypeVerb
Rootभ्रम्
FormPresent, 3, Singular
सर्वदाalways
सर्वदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसर्वदा

युधिषछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
K
Kuntīnandana (epithet)
A
Asita Devala
P
pāśāḥ (dice)
D
dāva (wager)

Educational Q&A

The passage contrasts chance-based gambling with dharma-based action: dice make victory and defeat hinge on fate and can lead to moral fault, while a kṣatriya’s righteous victory is properly sought in battle rather than through deceitful or chance-driven play.

In the context of the dice match, Yudhiṣṭhira urges the other party to proceed with the wager despite the risk of loss, then invokes the authority of the sage Asita Devala to frame gambling—especially when mixed with deceit—as sinful and inferior to the kṣatriya path of warfare.