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Shloka 383

Pitāmaha-sabhā-varṇana & Hariścandra-māhātmya

Description of Brahmā’s Assembly and the Eminence of Hariścandra

धर्मचक्रं तथा चापि नित्यमास्ते युधिष्ठिर । साठ संवत्सर, पाँच संवत्सरोंका युग, चार प्रकारके दिन-रात (मानव, पितर, देवता और ब्रह्माजीके दिन-रात), नित्य, दिव्य, अक्षय एवं अव्यय कालचक्र तथा धर्मचक्र भी देह धारण करके सदा ब्रह्माजीकी सभामें उपस्थित रहते हैं

dharmacakraṃ tathā cāpi nityam āste yudhiṣṭhira | ṣaṣṭi-saṃvatsaraḥ pañca-saṃvatsarāṇāṃ yugaṃ caturvidhaṃ dina-rātraṃ (mānuṣa-pitṛ-deva-brahma-dina-rātrāṇi) nityaṃ divyam akṣayam avyayaṃ kālacakraṃ ca dharmacakraṃ ca dehaṃ dhṛtvā sadā brahma-sabhāyāṃ samupasthitam iti |

ナーラダは言った。「ユディシュティラよ、ダルマの輪は常にそこに在る。さらに時の度量そのものも、姿をとって立ち現れる—六十年の循環、五年のユガ、そして四種の昼夜(人間、祖霊〔ピトリ〕、神々、そして梵天ブラフマーの昼夜)。永遠にして神聖、不壊にして衰えぬ時輪と、ダルマの輪とは、形を帯びて、常にブラフマーの सभा(集会)に उपस्थितしている。」

धर्मचक्रम्the wheel of dharma
धर्मचक्रम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मचक्र
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तथाlikewise/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
नित्यम्always/constantly
नित्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootनित्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आस्तेsits/remains present
आस्ते:
TypeVerb
Rootआस् (आसीन-भावे)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Atmanepada
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhiṣṭhira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

नारद उवाच

N
Nārada
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
Dharmacakra (Wheel of Dharma)
K
Kālacakra (Wheel of Time)
S
Saṃvatsara (year)
Ṣaṣṭi-saṃvatsara (sixty-year cycle)
Y
Yuga (five-year cycle)
M
Mānuṣa day-night
P
Pitṛ day-night
D
Deva day-night
B
Brahmā day-night
B
Brahmā
B
Brahmā’s assembly (Brahma-sabhā)

Educational Q&A

Dharma and Time are portrayed as cosmic, objective principles—so fundamental that they are imagined as embodied presences in Brahmā’s court. The ethical implication is that righteous rule aligns with an enduring moral order, not merely personal preference or political convenience.

Nārada is describing the marvels and constituents of Brahmā’s assembly. He lists not only beings but also abstract cosmic regulators—calendrical cycles and the Wheels of Time and Dharma—depicting them as ever-present attendants in the divine court.