Shloka 15

Devanagari script

एतद्‌ वचो मद्रपतेर्निशम्य स्वं चाप्यनीतं मनसा निरीक्ष्य दुर्योधनो दीनमना विसंज्ञ: पुनः पुनर्न्यश्वसदार्तरूप:

Transliteration

sañjaya uvāca | etad vaco madrapater niśamya svaṃ cāpy anītaṃ manasā nirīkṣya duryodhano dīna-manā visaṃjñaḥ punaḥ punar ny-aśvasad ārta-rūpaḥ |

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「マドラの主の言葉を聞き、さらに自らの不義の歩みを心中で省みたとき、ドゥルヨーダナは意気消沈し、内奥から砕けた。痛みに打たれて茫然とした者のように、彼は幾度も幾度も、苦悶の長い溜息を吐いた。」

Word by Word

• एतत्: this
• एतत्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: एतद्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वचः: speech, words
• वचः: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वचस्
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• मद्रपतेः: of the lord of Madra (Shalya)
• मद्रपतेः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद्रपति
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Singular

• निशम्य: having heard
• निशम्य: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-शम्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• स्वम्: his own
• स्वम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun/Adjective
• Root: स्व
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• अपि: also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• अनीतम्: wrongly done, unjust act
• अनीतम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-नीत
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular, क्त (past passive participle), नी

• मनसा: with the mind
• मनसा: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: मनस्
• Form: Neuter, Instrumental, Singular

• निरीक्ष्य: having considered, having looked at
• निरीक्ष्य: Karma
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-ईक्ष्
• Form: क्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)

• दुर्योधनः: Duryodhana
• दुर्योधनः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुर्योधन
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• दीनमना: one whose mind is dejected
• दीनमना: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दीन-मनस्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• विसंज्ञः: unconscious, senseless
• विसंज्ञः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वि-संज्ञ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• पुनः: again and again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• न्यश्वसत्: sighed, breathed out
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-श्वस्
• Form: Imperfect (लङ्), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• आर्तरूपः: having a distressed appearance
• आर्तरूपः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आर्त-रूप
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Duryodhana
• Śalya (Madrarāja/Madrapati)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights moral self-recognition: when confronted by truthful counsel, even a hardened ruler may momentarily perceive his own adharma. Yet mere sorrow and sighing are not reform; ethical insight must lead to corrective action, otherwise it remains only anguish.

What is happening in the narrative?

After hearing Śalya, the king of Madra, Duryodhana inwardly reviews his own unjust behavior. Overwhelmed, he becomes dejected and almost senseless, repeatedly letting out long, pained sighs—showing psychological collapse amid the pressures of the war.