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Shloka 12

तस्मिन्‌ विमर्दे रथवाजिनागै- स्तदाभिघातैर्दलिते हि भूतले । ततस्तु पातालतले शयानो नागो<श्वसेन: कृतवैरोडर्जुनेन,राजन्‌! उस समय घमासान युद्धमें जब रथ, घोड़े और हाथियोंद्वारा सारा भूतल रौंदा जा रहा था, उस समय पातालनिवासी अश्वसेन नामक नाग, जिसने अर्जुनके साथ वैर बाँध रखा था और जो खाण्डवदाहके समय जीवित बचकर क्रोधपूर्वक इस पृथ्वीके भीतर घुस गया था; कर्ण तथा अर्जुनका वह संग्राम देखकर बड़े वेगसे ऊपरको उछला और उस युद्धस्थलमें आ पहुँचा; उसमें ऊपरको उड़नेकी भी शक्ति थी

sañjaya uvāca |

tasmin vimarde rathavājināgais tadābhighātair dalite hi bhūtale |

tatastu pātālatale śayāno nāgo 'śvasenaḥ kṛtavairo 'rjunena rājan |

サञ्जयは語った。「その圧し潰すような乱戦のさなか、戦車と馬と象とが大地を踏み荒らし打ち据えていたとき、パータラに住み、地下界に横たわり、アルジュナに対して誓いの怨みを抱く蛇アシュヴァセーナが、王よ、その衝撃に呼び覚まされて起き上がった。カルナとアルジュナの戦いの光景に引き寄せられ、彼は猛烈な速さで地上へと躍り出て戦場に至った。飛翔の力を持つがゆえに、古き怨讐を晴らす機会を狙っていたのである。」

तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
विमर्देin the crush/battle
विमर्दे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविमर्द
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
रथby chariots
रथ:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
वाजिby horses
वाजि:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
नागैःby elephants
नागैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
तत्by that
तत्:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अभिघातैःby blows/impacts
अभिघातैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअभिघात
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
दलितेwhen (it was) crushed/trampled
दलिते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootदलित
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
हिindeed
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
भूतलेon the ground/earth-surface
भूतले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootभूतल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
ततःthen/from there
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
पातालin the netherworld (Pātāla)
पाताल:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपाताल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तलेon the surface/level
तले:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootतल
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
शयानःlying (down)
शयानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशी (शे)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नागःthe serpent
नागः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनाग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अश्वसेनःAśvasena
अश्वसेनः:
Karta
TypeProperNoun
Rootअश्वसेन
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतवैरःhaving made enmity (one who had enmity)
कृतवैरः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकृतवैर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अर्जुनेनwith Arjuna
अर्जुनेन:
Karana
TypeProperNoun
Rootअर्जुन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
A
Arjuna
K
Karṇa
A
Aśvasena (Nāga)
P
Pātāla
B
Bhūtala (earth/ground)
C
Chariots
H
Horses
E
Elephants

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how unresolved hatred and vows of revenge persist across time and circumstances, even drawing supernatural forces into human conflict. Ethically, it warns that violence breeds further violence, and that personal enmity can distort judgment and escalate war beyond human limits.

During the intense Karṇa–Arjuna battle, the ground is violently churned by chariots, horses, and elephants. The Nāga Aśvasena, who has long nursed enmity toward Arjuna, is stirred in Pātāla by the upheaval and rises swiftly to the battlefield, capable of flight, seeking a chance to strike at Arjuna.