Shloka 83

तथापि त॑ प्रस्फुरदात्तकार्मुकं त्रिभि: शरैर्यन्तृशिर: क्षुरेण । हयांश्वतुर्भिश्व पुनस्त्रिभिर्ध्वजं धनंजयो द्रौणिरथादपातयत्‌,तब अर्जुनने तीन बाणोंसे चमकते हुए उसके धनुषको, एक छुरके द्वारा सारथिके मस्तकको, चार बाणोंसे उसके चारों घोड़ोंको तथा तीनसे उसके ध्वजको भी अभश्वत्थामाके रथसे नीचे गिरा दिया

tathāpi taṁ prasphuradāttakārmukaṁ tribhiḥ śarair yantṛśiraḥ kṣureṇa | hayāṁś caturbhiś ca punas tribhir dhvajaṁ dhanaṁjayo drauṇirathād apātayat ||

それでもダナンジャヤ(アルジュナ)は、アシュヴァッターマンの戦車から次々と打ち落とした。三本の矢で、きらめき高く掲げられたその弓を落とし、剃刀刃の矢で御者の首を刎ね、四本の矢で四頭の馬を倒し、さらに三本の矢で旗印をも落とした。この場面は、戦場の技が示す冷酷な精密さを語る。そこでは慈悲ではなく武器の熟達が瞬時の帰趨を決し、しかも大戦はなお、ダルマの限界を試し続けている。

तथाthus, in that manner
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
प्रस्फुरत्shining, flashing
प्रस्फुरत्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रस्फुरत् (प्र-√स्फुर्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
आत्तraised, taken up
आत्त:
TypeAdjective
Rootआत्त (आ-√दा)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
कार्मुकम्bow
कार्मुकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकार्मुक
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
शरैःwith arrows
शरैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootशर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
यन्तृof the charioteer
यन्तृ:
TypeNoun
Rootयन्तृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शिरःhead
शिरः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशिरस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
क्षुरेणwith a razor(-like arrow)
क्षुरेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुर
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
हयान्horses
हयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
चतुर्भिःwith four
चतुर्भिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootचतुर्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पुनःagain, further
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
त्रिभिःwith three
त्रिभिः:
Karana
TypeNumeral/Adjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
ध्वजम्banner, standard
ध्वजम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
धनंजयःDhanañjaya (Arjuna)
धनंजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun (Proper name)
Rootधनंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
द्रौणिof Drauṇi (Aśvatthāman)
द्रौणि:
TypeNoun (Proper name)
Rootद्रौणि
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
रथात्from the chariot
रथात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Ablative, Singular
अपातयत्caused to fall, felled
अपातयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअप-√पत् (causative: पातयति)
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

कर्ण उवाच

कर्ण (Karna)
धनंजय / अर्जुन (Dhanañjaya/Arjuna)
द्रौणि / अश्वत्थामा (Drauṇi/Aśvatthāman)
सारथि (charioteer)
धनुष् (bow)
शर (arrows)
क्षुर (razor(-edged) weapon/arrow)
हय (horses)
ध्वज (banner/standard)
रथ (chariot)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in the immediacy of war, technical mastery and decisive action dominate; yet it implicitly raises ethical tension: even rightful combat (kṣatriya-dharma) can involve extreme violence, reminding readers that dharma in war is complex and often judged by intent, necessity, and proportionality.

Arjuna (Dhanañjaya) devastates Aśvatthāman’s chariot setup: he knocks down the bow, kills the charioteer with a razor-edged shot, brings down the four horses, and fells the banner—effectively disabling the chariot and turning the tide of that exchange.