Shloka 45
कर्णपर्व — अध्याय ४०
Karṇa’s Pressure on the Pāñcālas; Duryodhana Disabled; Arjuna’s Counter-Advance
Devanagari script
ततो भी: प्राविशत् काक॑ तदा तत्र विचेतसम्
Transliteration
tato bhīḥ prāviśat kāka tadā tatra vicetasam
Translation
そのとき恐れが烏に入り込み、まさにその場その時、烏は狼狽して平静を失った。
Word by Word
ततःthen; thereafter
ततः:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (तसिल्-प्रत्ययान्त)
भीःfear
भीः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभी (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
प्राविशत्entered; came upon
प्राविशत्:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + विश् (धातु)
Formलङ् (अनद्यतनभूत), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन, परस्मैपद
काकम्the crow
काकम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकाक (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तदाat that time
तदा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
तत्रthere
तत्र:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतत्र (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय
विचेतसम्bewildered; unconscious; senseless
विचेतसम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootविचेतस (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
Speaker
हंस उवाच
Characters & Entities
ह
हंस (Haṃsa, the speaker)क
काक (Kāka, crow)भ
भय (fear)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Fear disrupts discernment: when one is seized by bhī (fear), one becomes vicetasa (mentally unsteady), and ethical judgment and effective action collapse. The verse highlights the moral need for steadiness and self-mastery in moments of threat.
In the haṃsa’s narration, the crow is suddenly overcome by fear; right there and then it becomes confused and loses presence of mind, marking a turning point where panic replaces clarity.