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Shloka 47

Karṇa’s advance against the Pāṇḍava host; Arjuna’s clash with the Saṃśaptakas (कर्णस्य पाण्डवसेनाप्रवेशः—अर्जुनस्य संशप्तकसंप्रहारः)

तपो नियममास्थाय गृणन्तो ब्रह्म शाश्वतम्‌ । ऋषिभि: सह धर्मज्ञा भवं सर्वात्मना गता:

tapo niyamam āsthāya gṛṇanto brahma śāśvatam | ṛṣibhiḥ saha dharmajñā bhavaṁ sarvātmanā gatāḥ ||

「苦行と戒律に拠り、彼らは永遠のブラフマンを讃えた。ダルマを知る者たちは仙人たちとともに、全身全霊をもってバヴァ(シヴァ)に近づき、完全にその御許へ帰依した。」

तपःausterity
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
नियमम्observance, restraint
नियमम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
आस्थायhaving resorted to / having undertaken
आस्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
गृणन्तःpraising, chanting
गृणन्तः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगृ (धातु: गृण्/गॄ) / गृणन्त्
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
ब्रह्मBrahman / the Absolute
ब्रह्म:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्रह्मन्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
शाश्वतम्eternal
शाश्वतम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वत
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ऋषिभिःwith/by the sages
ऋषिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootऋषि
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सहtogether with
सह:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसह
धर्मज्ञाःknowers of dharma
धर्मज्ञाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भवम्Bhava (Śiva)
भवम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभव (शिव)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
सर्वात्मनाwith their whole self / wholeheartedly
सर्वात्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसर्वात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
गताःwent / approached / took refuge
गताः:
TypeVerb
Rootगम् → गत
Formक्त (past passive participle used finitely), Masculine, Nominative, Plural
तपःausterity
तपः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतपस्
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उग्रम्fierce, intense
उग्रम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootउग्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
समास्थायhaving undertaken fully
समास्थाय:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral for gerund)
नियमेin observance / in restraint
नियमे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनियम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
परमेsupreme
परमे:
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
स्थिताःstanding / abiding
स्थिताः:
TypeVerb
Rootस्था → स्थित
Formक्त (past passive participle used adjectivally), Masculine, Nominative, Plural

दुर्योधन उवाच

D
Duryodhana
B
Brahman (Brahma)
Ṛṣis (sages)
B
Bhava (Śiva/Mahādeva)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents disciplined austerity (tapas) and observance (niyama), joined with reverent praise, as a dharmic way to seek stability in upheaval—approaching the divine (Bhava/Śiva) wholeheartedly rather than relying only on force or anger.

Duryodhana recounts a tradition in which dharma-knowing beings, along with sages, undertake austerities and praise the eternal Brahman, then approach Bhava (Śiva) in full surrender—setting up a background of seeking divine support through ascetic practice and devotion.