Shloka 453

Devanagari script

उभयो: सेनयोरवरिव्याकुलं समपद्यत | महाराज! सामने आये हुए अपने और शत्रुपक्षके योद्धाओंको भी अपने ही पक्षके लोग मार डालते थे। दोनों सेनाओंके वीर मर्यादाशून्य युद्धमें प्रवृत्त हो गये थे

Transliteration

ubhayor senayor arivyākulaṃ samapadyata | mahārāja! sāmane āye hue apane aura śatru-pakṣake yoddhāoṃ ko bhī apane hī pakṣake loga mār ḍālate the | donoṃ senāoṃ ke vīra maryādāśūnya yuddha meṃ pravṛtta ho gaye the |

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。「王よ、敵の圧迫のただ中で両軍はことごとく大混乱に陥った。乱戦の中では、目の前に明らかに立つ戦士でさえ—味方であれ敵であれ—味方の手で討たれた。かくして両軍の勇士は、節度も戦の作法の境界も崩れ去った、無法の戦いへと雪崩れ込んだ。」

Word by Word

• उभयोः: of both
• उभयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उभ
• Form: —, Genitive, Dual

• सेनयोः: of the two armies
• सेनयोः: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सेना
• Form: Feminine, Genitive, Dual

• अरिव्याकुलम्: confused due to enemies (enemy-confounded)
• अरिव्याकुलम्: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अरिव्याकुल
• Form: Neuter, Nominative, Singular

• समपद्यत: became / came to be
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम् + पद्
• Form: Imperfect, 3rd, Singular, Atmanepada

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Dhṛtarāṣṭra (Mahārāja)
• the two armies (Pāṇḍava and Kaurava forces)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

When warfare loses maryādā (recognized limits and discipline), even one’s own side becomes indistinguishable in the fog of rage and confusion; the collapse of ethical restraint turns battle into indiscriminate destruction.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sanjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that both armies have become wildly disordered; in the mêlée, combatants are being killed even by their own men, and the fighting has shifted into a ruleless, unrestrained phase.