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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 18 — Sequential Duels and Formation Pressure

Ulūka–Yuyutsu; Śakuni–Sutasoma; Kṛpa–Dhṛṣṭadyumna; Kṛtavarmā–Śikhaṇḍin

है ० बक। हक २ एकोनविशो< ध्याय: अर्जुनके द्वारा संशप्तक-सेनाका संहार, श्रीकृष्णका अर्जुनको युद्धस्थलका दृश्य दिखाते हुए उनके पराक्रमकी प्रशंसा करना तथा पाण्ड्यनरेशका कौरव-सेनाके साथ युद्धारम्भ संजय उवाच प्रत्यागत्य पुनर्जिष्णुर्जघ्ने संशप्तकान्‌ बहून्‌ । वक्रातिवक्रगमनादड्भरारक इव ग्रह:,संजय कहते हैं--राजन्‌! जैसे मंगल नामक ग्रह वक्र और अतिचार गतिसे चलकर लोकके लिये अनिष्टकारी होता है, उसी प्रकार विजयशील अर्जुनने दण्डधारकी सेनासे पुनः लौटकर बहुत-से संशप्तकोंका संहार आरम्भ कर दिया

sañjaya uvāca | pratyāgatya punar jiṣṇur jaghne saṁśaptakān bahūn | vakrātivakragamanād aṅgāraka iva grahaḥ ||

サンジャヤは言った。「大王よ、常に勝利するアルジュナは再び引き返し、サンシャプタカの兵を数多く討ち始めた。逆行し不規則に巡る火星が世に凶兆をもたらすと見なされるように、アルジュナもまた、迅速で測りがたい動きによって、その誓約の軍勢にとって恐るべき破滅の担い手となった。」

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रत्यागत्यhaving returned
प्रत्यागत्य:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रति-आ-गम्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), having returned
पुनःagain
पुनः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपुनः
जिष्णुःthe victorious one (Arjuna)
जिष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootजिष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
जघ्नेslew
जघ्ने:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
संशप्तकान्the Saṁśaptakas (a troop)
संशप्तकान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसंशप्तक
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
बहून्many
बहून्:
TypeAdjective
Rootबहु
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वक्रby retrograde (motion)
वक्र:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootवक्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
अतिवक्रby very retrograde/irregular (motion)
अतिवक्र:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootअतिवक्र
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
गमनात्from (its) movement / due to movement
गमनात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootगमन
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
उद्भ्रारकःcausing disturbance/evil (portentous)
उद्भ्रारकः:
TypeAdjective
Rootउद्भ्रारक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इवlike
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
ग्रहःplanet
ग्रहः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्रह
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
A
Arjuna (Jiṣṇu)
S
Saṁśaptakas
A
Aṅgāraka (Mars)
K
King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied addressee: rājan)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how, in war, a warrior’s prowess can become an impersonal force—likened to a baleful celestial influence—suggesting that once dharma-driven conflict escalates, its destructive momentum can feel inevitable and ominous. It also reflects the epic’s habit of reading ethical and historical events through cosmic imagery, reminding the listener of the grave consequences of battle.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Arjuna has returned to the fight and is again slaughtering many Saṁśaptaka warriors—those who had taken a vow to confront him. Arjuna’s movements and impact are compared to Mars moving in a retrograde/irregular manner, traditionally viewed as bringing misfortune, emphasizing the terror he inspires in that contingent.