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Shloka 17

लक प्र | अश्वत्थामेति हि गज: ख्यातो नाम्ना हतो5भवत्‌ | कृत्वा मनसि तं॑ भीमो मिथ्या व्याहृृतवांस्तदा,“अश्वत्थामा” नामसे विख्यात हाथी मारा गया था, उसीको मनमें रखकर भीमसेनने उस समय वह झूठी बात कही थी

aśvatthāmeti hi gajaḥ khyāto nāmnā hato 'bhavat | kṛtvā manasi taṃ bhīmo mithyā vyāhṛtavāṃs tadā “aśvatthāmā” ||

サンジャヤは言った。「『アシュヴァッターマン』の名で知られた一頭の象が討たれていた。その事実を胸に置き、ビーマはその時、虚言を吐いた――ただ『アシュヴァッターマン』と口にして、聞く者がドローナの子のことだと受け取るようにしたのである。この出来事は、戦における意図的な曖昧さの利用を示す。戦術的優位を求めるために、真実と道義の明晰さが犠牲にされるのだ。」

अश्वत्थामाAshvatthama (name)
अश्वत्थामा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअश्वत्थामन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus; as (so-called)
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
हिindeed; for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
गजःelephant
गजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ख्यातःknown; famed
ख्यातः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootख्यात
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नाम्नाby name
नाम्ना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनामन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
हतःkilled; slain
हतः:
TypeVerb
Rootहन्
FormPast (PPP), Singular, Passive (participial), Masculine, Nominative
अभवत्was; became
अभवत्:
TypeVerb
Rootभू
FormImperfect, 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
कृत्वाhaving done; having made
कृत्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormAbsolutive (Gerund)
मनसिin (his) mind
मनसि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
तम्that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
भीमःBhima
भीमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
मिथ्याfalsely; untruthfully
मिथ्या:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमिथ्या
व्याहृतवान्uttered; spoke out
व्याहृतवान्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्याहृ
FormPerfect (periphrastic), past, Singular, Masculine, Nominative
तदाthen; at that time
तदा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतदा

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
Bhīma (Bhīmasena)
A
Aśvatthāman (elephant)
A
Aśvatthāmā (Droṇa’s son, implied by the utterance)

Educational Q&A

The verse foregrounds the ethical tension between strategic necessity and truthfulness: even when a statement is technically anchored in a fact (the elephant named Aśvatthāman was killed), speaking it to mislead others becomes morally compromised, illustrating how war pressures dharma and corrodes straightforward speech.

After an elephant named Aśvatthāman is slain, Bhīma deliberately utters “Aśvatthāmā,” intending the audience—especially Droṇa—to interpret it as the death of Droṇa’s son Aśvatthāmā, thereby advancing a deceptive tactic within the battlefield narrative.