Shloka 39

Devanagari script

ततो विराट: कुपित: समरे तोमरान्‌ दश

Transliteration

tato virāṭaḥ kupitaḥ samare tomarān daśa

Translation

そのときヴィラータは戦場で憤激し、トーマラ（投槍）を十本投げ放った。これは戦における怒りの奔流を告げる所作であり、個の憤りがたちまち暴力を増幅し、争いを激化させることを示していた。

Word by Word

• ततः: then, thereafter
• ततः: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (तद्-प्रातिपदिकात् अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (indeclinable)

• विराटः: Virāṭ (king Virata)
• विराटः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: विराट्
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• कुपितः: enraged
• कुपितः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: कुपित (कुप् धातोः क्त-प्रत्ययान्त कृदन्त)
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, प्रथमा, एकवचनम्

• समरे: in battle
• समरे: Adhikarana
• Type: Noun
• Root: समर
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, सप्तमी, एकवचनम्

• तोमरान्: javelins, spears
• तोमरान्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: तोमर
• Form: पुंलिङ्गः, द्वितीया, बहुवचनम्

• दश: ten
• दश: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दशन्/दश (संख्याशब्द)
• Form: संख्याविशेषणम्; (तोमरान् इति विशेष्यस्य) बहुवचनार्थे

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Virāṭa
• tomara (spear/javelin)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The line highlights how anger (krodha) can drive sudden, forceful action in war; ethically, it cautions that unchecked wrath can eclipse discernment and intensify harm, even when one is acting within a warrior’s role.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that Virāṭa, provoked in the midst of combat, becomes furious and casts ten tomara-spears at his opponent(s), marking a sharp escalation in the exchange of weapons.