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Shloka 19

संजय उवाच हते घटोत्कचे राजन्‌ कर्णेन निशि राक्षसे | प्रणदत्सु च हृष्टेषु तावकेषु युयुत्सुषु,संजयने कहा--राजन्‌! जब रातमें कर्णके द्वारा राक्षस घटोत्कच मारा गया, आपके सैनिक हर्षमें भरकर युद्धकी इच्छासे गर्जना करते हुए वेगपूर्वक आक्रमण करने लगे तथा पाण्डव-सेना मारी जाने लगी, उस समय प्रगाढ़ रजनीमें राजा युधिष्ठिर अत्यन्त दीन एवं दुःखी हो गये

sañjaya uvāca | hate ghaṭotkace rājan karṇena niśi rākṣase | praṇadatsu ca hṛṣṭeṣu tāvakeṣu yuyutsuṣu |

サンジャヤは言った。「大王よ、夜にカルナの手で羅刹ガトートカチャが討たれると、陛下の軍勢は歓喜し、戦いを望んで大音声をあげ、勢いよく押し寄せて攻めかかった。その深い闇の中、パーンダヴァ軍が斬り伏せられ始めたとき、ユディシュティラ王はひどく意気消沈し、悲嘆に沈んだ。」

संजयःSanjaya
संजयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसंजय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect, 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
हतेwhen (he) was slain
हते:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहन्
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Locative, Singular
घटोत्कचेin/when Ghaṭotkaca
घटोत्कचे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootघटोत्कच
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
राजन्O king
राजन्:
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
कर्णेनby Karṇa
कर्णेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्ण
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
निशिat night
निशि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootनिशा
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
राक्षसेthe rākṣasa (demon)
राक्षसे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराक्षस
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
प्रणदत्सुwhile roaring
प्रणदत्सु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्र-नद्
FormPresent active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Locative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
हृष्टेषुwhen (they were) delighted
हृष्टेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootहृष्ट
FormPast passive participle (क्त), Masculine, Locative, Plural
तावकेषुamong your (men)
तावकेषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Locative, Plural
युयुत्सुषुeager to fight
युयुत्सुषु:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुयुत्सु
FormDesiderative adjective (उ), Masculine, Locative, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra
K
Karṇa
G
Ghaṭotkaca
K
Kaurava army (Tāvakāḥ)
P
Pāṇḍava army
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how victory and loss immediately reshape the mind in war: one side’s elation becomes the other side’s despair. It implicitly warns that battlefield success can intoxicate (hṛṣṭa, praṇadant) while tragedy can overwhelm even the most dharma-minded leader (Yudhiṣṭhira), showing the ethical and psychological cost of violence.

After Karṇa kills Ghaṭotkaca during the night fighting, the Kaurava troops rejoice and press their attack with loud battle-cries. In the darkness the Pāṇḍava forces begin to suffer heavy losses, and Yudhiṣṭhira is plunged into deep sorrow and dejection.