Shloka 39

Śiva’s Battlefield Manifestation and Vyāsa’s Śatarudrīya Exposition (शिवप्रादुर्भावः शतरुद्रीयव्याख्यानम्)

Devanagari script

तावेकरथमारूढौ पितापुत्रौ महारथौ

Transliteration

tāvekārathamārūḍhau pitāputrau mahārathau

Translation

サンジャヤは言った。その二人—父と子、いずれも大車戦士—は一つの戦車に共に乗り込み、戦の押し合いへし合いの中を一体のごとく進んだ。この句は、血統と義務の親密な結びつきを示しつつ、戦が親族にさえ道義の重圧の下で規律ある決意を求めることを語っている。

Word by Word

• तौ: those two
• तौ: Karta
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• एकरथम्: on one chariot / single-chariot
• एकरथम्: Adhikarana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एकरथ
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• आरूढौ: having mounted / seated (upon)
• आरूढौ: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: आ-रुह्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• पिता: father
• पिता: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितृ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुत्रौ: two sons
• पुत्रौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुत्र
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

• महारथौ: two great chariot-warriors
• महारथौ: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: महारथ
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Dual

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• father and son (unnamed in this pāda)
• single chariot (ekaratha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how familial bonds and inherited duty can operate within the harsh demands of war: father and son act in coordinated unity, suggesting discipline, loyalty, and the weight of lineage even amid ethically fraught conflict.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya describes a father and son—both renowned chariot-fighters—riding together on a single chariot, indicating a tactical pairing and close cooperation in the ongoing battle scene.