Shloka 39

द्रोणपर्व — अध्याय १६२: प्रातःसंध्यायां युद्धप्रवृत्तिः तथा रजोमेघे संमूढता

Devanagari script

इत्युक्त: परुषं वाक्यं पार्षतेन द्विजोत्तम:

Transliteration

ity uktaḥ paruṣaṁ vākyaṁ pārṣatena dvijottamaḥ

Translation

サञ्जयは言った。「このようにして、プṛṣatīの子（ドリシュタデュムナ）から荒々しい言葉を浴びせられ、最上の婆羅門は鋭い叱責に直面した。戦の圧力のただ中では、敬われる者でさえ厳しく言い放たれることがあり、言葉そのものが節制と義務（ダルマ）を試す道徳の試練となるのである。」

Word by Word

• इति: thus
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इति

• उक्तः: having been spoken to / addressed
• उक्तः: Karta
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (उक्त)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, Passive (past passive participle)

• परुषम्: harsh
• परुषम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: परुष
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• वाक्यम्: speech; words; statement
• वाक्यम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: वाक्य
• Form: Neuter, Accusative, Singular

• पार्षतेन: by the son of Pṛṣat (Dṛṣṭadyumna)
• पार्षतेन: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्षत
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• द्विजोत्तमः: the best of the twice-born (a foremost Brahmin)
• द्विजोत्तमः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्विजोत्तम
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Sañjaya
• Pārṣata (son of Pṛṣatī; epithet)
• Dvijottama (foremost Brahmin; unspecified in this half-verse)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical weight of speech: in the turmoil of battle, harsh words can arise even toward the venerable, making self-control (vāg-dama) and respectful conduct part of one’s dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Sañjaya reports that a ‘Pārṣata’ figure has spoken harshly to a ‘dvijottama’ (a foremost Brahmin). This line sets up the ensuing reaction and consequences of that rebuke within the Drona Parva war narrative.