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Shloka 4

भूमिगुण-प्रश्नः

Inquiry into the qualities of Earth and the classification of beings

इस प्रकार श्रीमह्ाभारत भीष्मपर्वके अन्तर्गत जम्बूखण्डविनिर्माणपर्वमें भूमिगुणवर्णनविषयक चौथा अध्याय पूरा हुआ,भूमिरापस्तथा वायुरग्निराकाशमेव च । गुणोत्तराणि सर्वाणि तेषां भूमि: प्रधानत: आकाश, वायु, अग्नि, जल और भूमि--ये पंच महाभूत हैं। आकाशसे लेकर भूमितक जो पंचमहाभूतोंका कम है, उसमें पूर्वकी अपेक्षा उत्तरोत्तर सब भूतोंमें एक-एक गुण अधिक हो ते हैं। इन सब भूतोंमें भूमिकी प्रधानता है

bhūmir āpas tathā vāyur agnir ākāśam eva ca | guṇottarāṇi sarvāṇi teṣāṃ bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ ||

サンジャヤは言った。「地・水・風・火・空——これが五大である。空より始めて地へと至るにつれ、後の元素には前のものより一つずつ性質が加わる。そして五大のうち、地は最も重んぜられる。」

भूमिःearth
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
आपःwaters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
तथाand/also
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
वायुःwind/air
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्निःfire
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आकाशम्ether/space
आकाशम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआकाश
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
गुण-उत्तराणिhaving additional qualities; progressively increasing in qualities
गुण-उत्तराणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootगुणोत्तर
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
सर्वाणिall
सर्वाणि:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
तेषाम्of them
तेषाम्:
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Plural
भूमिःearth
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
प्रधानतःchiefly; predominantly
प्रधानतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootप्रधानतस्

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
B
bhūmi (earth element)
Ā
āpaḥ (water element)
V
vāyu (air element)
A
agni (fire element)
Ā
ākāśa (space element)
P
pañca mahābhūtāni (five great elements)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents the classical doctrine of the five great elements and their gradation by qualities: as one moves from space toward earth, each subsequent element possesses one additional perceptible quality, culminating in earth as the most ‘complete’ and thus treated as foremost in this scheme.

Sañjaya is delivering a descriptive, encyclopedic account within Bhīṣma Parva, shifting briefly from battlefield reporting to a cosmological explanation that classifies the fundamental elements and their relative attributes.