Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 10

Chapter 19: Prativyūha of the Pāṇḍavas — Vajra (Acala) Formation and Dawn Omens

यं दृष्टवा कुरव: सर्वे दुर्योधनपुरोगमा: । निवर्तिष्यन्ति संत्रस्ता: सिंहं क्षुद्रमगा यथा

yaṁ dṛṣṭvā kuravaḥ sarve duryodhana-purogamāḥ | nivartiṣyanti saṁtrastāḥ siṁhaṁ kṣudra-mṛgā yathā ||

サञ्जयは言った。「彼を見れば、ドゥルヨーダナを先頭とするクル族の者たちは皆、獅子を見た小さき獣が逃げ散るように、恐れおののいて退き返るであろう。」

यम्whom
यम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund), Parasmaipada (usage-neutral here)
कुरवःthe Kurus
कुरवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकुरु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
दुर्योधन-पुरोगमाःwith Duryodhana in front / led by Duryodhana
दुर्योधन-पुरोगमाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्योधन + पुरोगम
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
निवर्तिष्यन्तिwill turn back / will retreat
निवर्तिष्यन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + वृत्
FormSimple Future (Luṭ), Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
संत्रस्ताःterrified
संत्रस्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसम् + त्रस्
FormPast Passive Participle, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
सिंहम्a lion
सिंहम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootसिंह
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
क्षुद्र-मृगाःsmall animals (lit. petty deer/animals)
क्षुद्र-मृगाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षुद्र + मृग
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
यथाas / just as
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
K
Kurus (Kauravas)
D
Duryodhana
L
lion (siṁha)
S
small beasts/deer (kṣudra-mṛga)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how arrogance and collective bravado can dissolve into fear when confronted by genuine strength; ethically, it suggests that confidence rooted in adharma is unstable and easily shaken.

Sañjaya describes the anticipated reaction of Duryodhana and the Kaurava host: upon seeing a particular formidable warrior, they will recoil and retreat, compared to small animals fleeing a lion.