Shloka 40
Bhīṣma’s Fall, the Arrow-bed (śara-talpa), and the Establishment of Guard
Devanagari script
को हि नेच्छेत् प्रियं पुत्रं जीवन्तं शाश्वती: समा: । क्षत्रधर्म तु सम्प्रेक्ष्य ततस्त्वां नियुनज्म्यहम्
Translation
「誰が愛する息子に、幾年も永く生きてほしいと願わぬだろうか。だが、クシャトリヤの法（ダルマ）を顧みて、ゆえに私はお前をこの務めに就けるのだ。」
Word by Word
कःwho
कः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकिम्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
हिindeed/for
हि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootहि
नnot
न:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootन
इच्छेत्would desire
इच्छेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootइष्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
प्रियम्dear/beloved
प्रियम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रिय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुत्रम्son
पुत्रम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुत्र
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
जीवन्तम्living/alive
जीवन्तम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootजीवत्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शाश्वतीःeverlasting/continuous
शाश्वतीः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशाश्वती
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
समाःyears
समाः:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसम
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
क्षत्रधर्मम्the duty of a kshatriya
क्षत्रधर्मम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रधर्म
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
तुbut/however
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
सम्प्रेक्ष्यhaving considered/looking at
सम्प्रेक्ष्य:
TypeVerb
Rootसम् + प्रेक्ष्
FormAbsolutive (Gerund/Lyap), Parasmaipada (usage)
ततःtherefore/then
ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootततः
त्वाम्you
त्वाम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Accusative, Singular
नियुनज्मिI appoint/engage
नियुनज्मि:
TypeVerb
Rootनि + युज्
FormPresent (Lat), 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada
अहम्I
अहम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootअस्मद्
Form—, Nominative, Singular
Speaker
संजय उवाच
Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
War Context
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes