Shloka 50
अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता
Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality
स्वाध्यायनिष्ठा ऋषयो ज्ञाननिष्ठास्तथैव च | तपोनिष्छाश्ष बोद्धव्या: कर्मनिष्ठाश्न भारत
svādhyāyaniṣṭhā ṛṣayo jñānaniṣṭhās tathaiva ca | taponiṣṭhāś ca boddhavyāḥ karmaniṣṭhāś ca bhārata bhārata ||
ビーシュマは言った。「バーラタよ、仙人たちの中には、堅固に依り立つ道がさまざまにあると知れ。ある者はスヴァーディヤーヤ（svādhyāya）—聖なる学習—に専心し、ある者はジュニャーナ（jñāna）—真の知—に安住する。ある者はタパス（tapas）—苦行—に堅く、またある者はカルマ（karma）—規律ある行為の遂行—に堅いのだ。」
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Bhīṣma teaches that spiritual excellence is not confined to a single method: sages may be firmly grounded in sacred study, knowledge, austerity, or dutiful action. Each can be a valid discipline when pursued with steadiness (niṣṭhā) and aligned with dharma.
In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he classifies sages by their predominant commitment—study, knowledge, austerity, or action—guiding the king to respect diverse legitimate modes of religious and ethical life.