Shloka 38
अनुशासनपर्व अध्याय ९३ — तपस्, सदोपवास, विघसाशन, अतिथिप्रियता
Austerity, regulated fasting, residual-eating, and hospitality
Devanagari script
अनृत्विगनुपाध्याय: स चेदग्रासनं व्रजेत्
Transliteration
anṛtviganupādhyāyaḥ sa ced agrāsanaṃ vrajet
Translation
ビーシュマは言った。「祭官（ṛtvik）も師（upādhyāya）も持たぬ者が、それでもなお進み出て、最上の座—名誉の座—に就くならば、……」
Word by Word
अनृत्विक्one who is not a priest (officiating priest)
अनृत्विक्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऋत्विक्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अनुपाध्यायःone who is not a teacher/preceptor
अनुपाध्यायः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootउपाध्याय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सःhe
सः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चेत्if
चेत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootचेत्
अग्रासनम्the foremost seat (place of honor)
अग्रासनम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअग्रासन
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
व्रजेत्should go/should take (approach)
व्रजेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootव्रज्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
Speaker
भीष्म उवाच
Characters & Entities
B
BhīṣmaCharacter Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Geographic Context
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
Honor and precedence should align with dharmic qualifications such as proper instruction under a preceptor and participation in sanctioned ritual order; claiming the highest seat without such grounding is presented as improper conduct.
Bhīṣma is laying down norms of social and religious propriety, using the example of someone lacking priests and a teacher who nevertheless seeks the seat of honour, to highlight a violation of established dharmic decorum.