Shloka 22

Devanagari script

शुभे पात्रे ये गुणा गोप्रदाने तावान्‌ दोषो ब्राह्मणस्वापहारे । सर्वावस्थं ब्राह्मणस्वापहारो दाराश्नैषां दूरतो वर्जनीया:,शुभ पात्रको गोदान करनेसे जो लाभ होते हैं, उसका धन ले लेनेपर उतना ही पाप लगता है; अतः किसी भी अवस्थामें ब्राह्मणोंक धनका अपहरण न करे तथा उनकी स्त्रियोंका संसर्ग दूरसे ही त्याग दे

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | śubhe pātre ye guṇā gopradāne tāvān doṣo brāhmaṇasvāpahāre | sarvāvasthaṃ brāhmaṇasvāpahāro dārāś ca eṣāṃ dūrato varjanīyāḥ ||

Translation

ビーシュマは言った。「ふさわしい受け手に牛を施すことで得られる功徳と同じだけの罪が、バラモンの財を奪うことによって生じる。ゆえに、いかなる場合にもバラモンの財産を侵してはならない。また、バラモンたちの妻との不義の交わりは、遠くからでも避けるべきである。」

Word by Word

• [{'term': 'śubhe pātre', 'definition': 'in/unto a worthy (auspicious) recipient

• a fit person for receiving a gift'}, {'term': 'guṇāḥ', 'definition': 'merits, virtues, beneficial results'}, {'term': 'go-pradāne', 'definition': 'in the giving of a cow (cow-gift), a major act of dāna'}, {'term': 'tāvān', 'definition': 'so much, to that same extent'}, {'term': 'doṣaḥ', 'definition': 'fault, demerit, sin'}, {'term': 'brāhmaṇa-sva', 'definition': 'a Brahmin’s property/wealth (sva = one’s own possessions)'}, {'term': 'apahāraḥ / apahāre', 'definition': 'seizure, theft, wrongful taking

• (locative) in the act of taking away'}, {'term': 'sarvāvastham', 'definition': 'in every condition/situation

• at all times'}, {'term': 'dārāḥ', 'definition': 'wives (especially in the sense of protected household women)'}, {'term': 'dūrataḥ', 'definition': 'from a distance

• completely, strictly'}, {'term': 'varjanīyāḥ', 'definition': 'to be avoided, to be shunned'}]

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Brahmins
• cow-gift (go-dāna)
• Brahmin property (brāhmaṇa-sva)
• wives of Brahmins (dārāḥ)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse equates the merit of gifting a cow to a worthy recipient with the sin incurred by seizing a Brahmin’s property, and it lays down a strict rule: never take a Brahmin’s wealth under any circumstances, and strictly avoid illicit relations with Brahmins’ wives.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-instruction section, Bhishma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on ethical conduct, emphasizing the gravity of offenses against Brahmins and the importance of restraint and respect in matters of property and sexuality.