Shloka 1

Adhyāya 60: Dāna vs. Yajña—Royal Giving, Protection, and Karmic Share

Devanagari script

अफड---रा+ >> सप्तपञ्चाशत्तमो<्ध्याय: विविध प्रकारके तप और दानोंका फल युधिछिर उवाच मुह्यामीव निशम्याद्य चिन्तयान: पुन: पुनः । हीनां पार्थिवसंघातै: श्रीमद्धि: पृथिवीमिमाम्‌

Transliteration

Yudhiṣṭhira uvāca |

muḥyāmīva niśamyādya cintayānaḥ punaḥ punaḥ |

hīnāṃ pārthiva-saṅghātaiḥ śrīmadbhiḥ pṛthivīm imām ||

Translation

ユディシュティラは言った。「祖父よ！これを聞き、また繰り返し思い巡らすと、私は何度も気を失いそうになります。かつて栄えた王たちの群れを失った今のこの大地を見ると、私の心は重い憂いに呑み込まれてしまうのです。」

Word by Word

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhishthira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच् (धातु)
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada

• मुह्यामि: I become bewildered / I faint
• Type: Verb
• Root: मुह् (धातु)
• Form: Present, 1st, Singular, Parasmaipada

• इव: as if
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इव

• निशम्य: having heard
• Type: Verb
• Root: नि-शम् (धातु)
• Form: Absolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Active

• अद्य: today / now
• अद्य: Adhikarana
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• चिन्तयन्: thinking
• Type: Verb
• Root: चिन्त् (धातु)
• Form: Present active participle (शतृ), Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• पुनः: again
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: पुनः

• हीनाम्: devoid (of)
• हीनाम्: Karma
• Type: Adjective
• Root: हीन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• पार्थिव-संघातैः: by the multitude of kings
• पार्थिव-संघातैः: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: पार्थिव (प्रातिपदिक) + संघात (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• श्रीमद्भिः: by the prosperous/wealthy (ones)
• श्रीमद्भिः: Karana
• Type: Adjective
• Root: श्रीमन्त् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Plural

• पृथिवीम्: the earth
• पृथिवीम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

• इमाम्: this
• Type: Adjective
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Feminine, Accusative, Singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Pṛthivī (the earth)
• pārthiva-saṅghāta (hosts of kings)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights the ethical and emotional weight of rulership after devastation: even a righteous king is shaken by the impermanence of worldly splendor and the loss of noble lineages, prompting humility and deeper inquiry into dharma.

What is happening in the narrative?

Yudhiṣṭhira addresses Bhīṣma (the ‘Grandsire’), confessing that repeated reflection on what he has heard makes him feel faint; he is distressed seeing the world emptied of prosperous kings—an aftermath sentiment following the great destruction.