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Shloka 21

Strī-satkāra (On honoring women) — Mahābhārata 13.46

राजन! यदि स्त्रियाँ साथ्वी एवं पतिव्रता हों तो बड़ी सौभाग्यशालिनी होती हैं। संसारमें उनका आदर होता है और वे सम्पूर्ण जगत्‌की माता समझी जाती हैं। इतना ही नहीं, वे अपने पातित्रत्यके प्रभावसे वन और काननोंसहित इस सम्पूर्ण पृथ्वीको धारण करती हैं ।।

rājan! yadi striyaḥ sādhvya evaṃ pativratāḥ syuḥ, tadā mahāsaubhāgyavatyo bhavanti. saṃsāre tāḥ pūjyante ca sarvajagato mātara iva manyante. na kevalam etat—tāḥ svapātivratyaprabhāvena vanakānanaiḥ saha imāṃ sarvāṃ pṛthivīṃ dhārayanti. asādhvyaś cāpi durvṛttāḥ kulaghnāḥ pāpaniścayāḥ; vijñeyā lakṣaṇair duṣṭaiḥ svagātrasahajair nṛpa.

ヴィプラは言った。「王よ、もし女たちが真に徳を備え、夫に対して貞節を守る者(パティヴラター)であるなら、きわめて幸いとなる。世は彼女らを敬い、万有の母と見なす。さらに、貞節の力によって、森や林苑をも含むこの全大地を支えているのだ。だが不徳の女—行いが乱れ、家門の安寧を損ない、罪に心を定めた者—は、統べる者よ、その身に生まれついた悪しき徴と、邪悪のしるしによって見分けられる。」

असाध्व्यःnot virtuous (women)
असाध्व्यः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअसाध्वी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
दुर्वृत्ताःof bad conduct
दुर्वृत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootदुर्वृत्ता
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
कुलघ्नाःdestroyers of the family
कुलघ्नाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootकुलघ्ना
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
पापनिश्चयाःhaving evil resolve
पापनिश्चयाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपापनिश्चया
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
विज्ञेयाःare to be known/recognized
विज्ञेयाः:
TypeVerb
Root√ज्ञा
Formतव्यत् (gerundive), Feminine, Nominative, Plural, Passive (obligative)
लक्षणैःby signs/marks
लक्षणैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootलक्षण
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
दुष्टेःof wickedness
दुष्टेः:
TypeNoun
Rootदुष्टि
FormFeminine, Genitive, Singular
स्वगात्रसहजैःinnate in one’s own body (natural bodily)
स्वगात्रसहजैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootस्वगात्रसहज
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
नृपO king
नृप:
TypeNoun
Rootनृप
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

विपुल उवाच

V
Vipula
K
King (rājan/nṛpa)
W
Women (striyaḥ)
E
Earth (pṛthivī)
F
Forests and groves (vana, kānana)

Educational Q&A

The verse contrasts the social and spiritual power attributed to virtuous, faithful wives—who are honored as universal mothers and said to sustain the world through pātivratya—with the warning that immoral, family-destroying, sin-resolved conduct should be identified and avoided.

Vipula addresses a king in an instructive tone, offering a moral classification of women based on conduct: praising sādhvī-pativratā women and cautioning the ruler about recognizing and guarding against asādhvī, durvṛttā women who harm family and dharma.