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Shloka 15

Adhyāya 39 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on attachment (saṅga) and relational restraint

अपि च ज्ञानसम्पन्न: सर्वान्‌ वेदान्‌ पितुर्गृहि । श्लाघमान इवाधीयादू ग्राम्य इत्येव त॑ विदु:,जो सम्पूर्ण वेदोंको पिताके घरमें रहकर पढ़ता है वह ज्ञानसम्पन्न और प्रशंसनीय होनेपर भी दिद्वानोंके द्वारा ग्रामीण (गँवार) ही समझा जाता है। (वास्तवमें गुरुके घरमें क्लेश-सहनपूर्वक रहकर वेद पढ़नेवाला ही श्रेष्ठ है)

api ca jñāna-sampannaḥ sarvān vedān pitur gṛhe | ślāghamāna ivādhīyād grāmya ity eva taṃ viduḥ ||

さらに、たとえ知恵に富む者が父の家にとどまりつつ一切のヴェーダを学び、いかにも称賛に値するかのように見えたとしても、学識ある人々はなお彼をただの「田舎者」と見なす。ここに含意される倫理は、ヴェーダ学習の真の卓越は、師(グル)のもとで規律ある弟子として苦労を耐え、師家に住して修学することに結びつき、安逸な在家学習にはない、ということである。

अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ज्ञानसम्पन्नःendowed with knowledge
ज्ञानसम्पन्नः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootज्ञानसम्पन्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वान्all
सर्वान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
वेदान्Vedas
वेदान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवेद
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पितुःof (one's) father
पितुः:
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
गृहेin the house
गृहे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगृह
FormNeuter, Locative, Singular
श्लाघमानःpraising (himself), boasting
श्लाघमानः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootश्लाघमान
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, शानच् (present active participle), श्लाघ्
इवas if, like
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
अधीयीतshould study
अधीयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि-इ
FormVidhi-lin (optative), Parasmaipada, Third, Singular, Present (modal)
ग्राम्यःa rustic, boor
ग्राम्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootग्राम्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
इतिthus
इति:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइति
एवindeed, only
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तंhim
तं:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow, consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormLat (present), Parasmaipada, Third, Plural, Present

सोम उवाच

S
Soma
V
Vedas
F
father (pituḥ)
L
learned people (vidvāṃsaḥ, implied by viduḥ)

Educational Q&A

Vedic learning is not measured only by the amount studied, but by the disciplined mode of study: true refinement comes from brahmacarya under a guru, with humility and hardship, not from comfortable study at one’s parental home.

Soma states a social-ethical judgment about education: even a knowledgeable person who studies the Vedas at his father’s house is still labeled ‘grāmya’ by the learned, implying that proper training requires residence and service in the teacher’s household.