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Shloka 12

Śakra–Śambara Saṃvāda: Brāhmaṇa-sevā, Anasūyā, and Vāg-bala (शक्रशम्बरसंवादः)

कृषिगोरक्ष्यमप्येके भैक्ष्यमन्ये5प्यनुछ्िता: । चौराश्नान्येडनृताश्चान्ये तथान्ये नटनर्तका:

bhīṣma uvāca | kṛṣigorakṣyam apy eke bhaikṣyam anye 'py anuṣṭhitāḥ | caurāś cānye 'nṛtāś cānye tathānye naṭanartakāḥ ||

ビーシュマは言った。「ある者は(本来はより高い規律に従って生きるべきでありながら)耕作や牛の飼養で身を立て、ある者は托鉢により糧を得る。ある者は盗みに走り、ある者は虚言を弄し、またある者は役者や舞人として生計を立てる。これは、正しい生業が目に見えて衰え、乱れていることを示す—定められた義務を捨て、疑わしい手段で生き延びようとするからである。」

कृषिagriculture
कृषि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृषि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गोरक्ष्यम्cow-protection/cattle-tending
गोरक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootगोरक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
एकेsome (people)
एके:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootएक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
भैक्ष्यम्living by alms/begging
भैक्ष्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootभैक्ष्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अनुच्छिष्टाःnot remaining (without livelihood)/not left out (i.e., engaged in that means)
अनुच्छिष्टाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनुच्छिष्ट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
चौराश्नानिtheft-eating (living by stealing)
चौराश्नानि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचौराश्न
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
येwho/which (those who)
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अनृताःuntruthful/liars
अनृताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअनृत
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तथाlikewise/so
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अन्येothers
अन्ये:
Karta
TypePronoun/Adjective
Rootअन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नटactors/performers
नट:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनट
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
नर्तकाःdancers
नर्तकाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootनर्तक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmins (implied by context of livelihood and dharma)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma highlights how people abandon prescribed, dharmic livelihoods and take up mixed or unethical means (alms, theft, lying, performance work), illustrating social and moral disorder and prompting reflection on right conduct and right livelihood.

In Bhishma’s instruction on dharma, he lists the various ways people sustain themselves—some acceptable, some blameworthy—to show the diversity and degeneration of conduct in society and to frame a discussion on proper duties and ethical living.