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Shloka 17

Indra–Mataṅga Saṃvāda: On the rarity and responsibilities of Brāhmaṇya (इन्द्र-मतङ्ग संवादः)

गधी! तुझे कैसे मालूम हुआ कि मैं चाण्डाल हूँ? किस कर्मसे मेरा ब्राह्मणत्व नष्ट हुआ है? तू बड़ी समझदार है; अतः ये सारी बातें मुझे ठीक-ठीक बता” ।।

bhīṣma uvāca | gadhī! tvaṃ kathaṃ jānāsi yathāhaṃ cāṇḍālaḥ? kena karmaṇā mama brāhmaṇatvaṃ naṣṭam? tvaṃ mahābuddhiḥ; ata etat sarvaṃ mama yathāvat kathaya || gardabhy uvāca | brāhmaṇyāṃ vṛṣaleṇa tvaṃ mattāyāṃ nāpitena ha | jātas tvam asi cāṇḍālo brāhmaṇyaṃ tena te 'naśat ||

ビーシュマは言った。「ガーディよ! どうして私がチャンダーラだと知ったのか。いかなる行いによって、私のバラモンとしての身分は失われたのか。そなたは見識ある者だ。ゆえに、ありのままを正確に語ってくれ。」雌の驢馬は答えた。「マタンガよ、そなたは、若き欲情に酔ったバラモンの女が、シュードラの床屋と交わって身ごもり、生まれた子だ。ゆえにそなたはチャンダーラであり、母の越礼の行いによって、そなたのバラモン性は滅びたのだ。」

गर्दभ्युवाचthe she-donkey said
गर्दभ्युवाच:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootगर्दभी + उवाच
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3, Singular
ब्राह्मण्याम्in/through a Brahmin woman (womb)
ब्राह्मण्याम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणी
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
वृषलेनby a śūdra/low-born man
वृषलेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवृषल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
मत्तायाम्when (she was) intoxicated/infatuated
मत्तायाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्ता
FormFeminine, Locative, Singular
नापितेनby a barber
नापितेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootनापित
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
indeed/for emphasis
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
जातःborn
जातः:
TypeVerb
Rootजात (√जन्)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्वम्you
त्वम्:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormNominative, Singular
असिare
असि:
TypeVerb
Root√अस्
FormPresent, 2, Singular
चाण्डालःa caṇḍāla (outcaste)
चाण्डालः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootचाण्डाल
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मण्यम्Brahminhood/status of a Brahmin
ब्राह्मण्यम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
तेनby that (act/that reason)
तेन:
Karana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
तेof you/your
ते:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
FormGenitive, Singular
अदनशत्was destroyed/perished
अदनशत्:
TypeVerb
Root√नश् (नश्यति)
FormAorist (simple past), 3, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma (भीष्म)
G
Gadhi / she-donkey (गधी, गर्दभी)
M
Matanga (मतंग)
B
Brahmin woman (ब्राह्मणी)
Ś
Śūdra man / vṛṣala (वृषल)
B
Barber (नापित)
C
Caṇḍāla (चाण्डाल)

Educational Q&A

The passage frames social identity and religious status as tied to conduct (karma) and sexual propriety as understood in classical dharma discourse, warning that transgressive acts are believed to bring lasting social and ethical consequences.

Bhishma questions the she-donkey about how she knows he is considered a Caṇḍāla and what deed caused the loss of Brahmin status; she answers by alleging an illicit conception—birth from a Brahmin woman by a Śūdra barber—presented as the reason for his classification.