Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 18

अतः: पर प्रवक्ष्यामि लोकानां कर्मसाक्षिण:

ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi lokānāṃ karmasākṣiṇaḥ

ビーシュマは語った。「ゆえに今、諸世界の行為の証人として立つ者たちを説こう。彼らは目に見えぬが、あらゆる生きものの吉凶善悪の業を絶えず見守り、祭祀(yajña)・布施(dāna)・功徳(sukṛta)の真実を知っている。その名は、ムリティユ(Mṛtyu)—死、カーラ(Kāla)—時、ヴィシュヴェーデーヴァ(Viśvedevas)、そして形を具えたピトリ(Pitṛs)—祖霊の父たちである。さらに、苦行に励むムニや、苦行と解脱(mokṣa)に身を捧げた成就の大聖仙(siddha)もまた、慈しみの眼差しで全世界を見渡す。彼らは皆、その名を誦し称える人間に、吉祥の果報を授けるのだ。」

अतःtherefore/from this
अतः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअतः
परम्further/next
परम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपर
प्रवक्ष्यामिI shall declare/tell
प्रवक्ष्यामि:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormLṛṭ (simple future), 1st, singular, Parasmaipada
लोकानाम्of the worlds/of people
लोकानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootलोक
Formmasculine, genitive, plural
कर्मof action/deeds
कर्म:
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
Formneuter, genitive, singular
साक्षिणःwitnesses
साक्षिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसाक्षिन्
Formmasculine, nominative, plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
M
Mṛtyu
K
Kāla
V
Viśvedevas
P
Pitṛgaṇa (Pitṛs)
M
Munis (ascetic sages)
S
Siddha Maharṣis

Educational Q&A

Actions are not morally private: unseen cosmic principles and divine/ancestral beings (and also realized sages) continually witness beings’ good and bad deeds. Remembering and honoring these witnesses—especially through name-recitation—supports ethical living and yields auspicious results.

In the Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma continues instructing Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he introduces a set of ‘witnesses of karma’—Mṛtyu, Kāla, the Viśvedevas, and the Pitṛs—and adds that ascetics and perfected seers also watch the world with goodwill, granting benefits to those who praise them.