Shloka 10
Dāna–Tapaḥ Praśaṃsā and Gṛhastha-Upadeśa
Maitreya
Devanagari script
उपपसद्यति धर्मज्ञ यथापापफलोपगम् । तस्मान्मृत्युभयात् कीट मा व्यथिष्ठा: कथंचन
Transliteration
upapasadyati dharmajña yathāpāpaphalopagam | tasmān mṛtyubhayāt kīṭa mā vyathiṣṭhāḥ kathaṃcana ||
Translation
おお、ダルマを知る者よ。罪の果報は、その行いにふさわしいかたちで、しかるべき時に人に及ぶ。ゆえに、虫よ、死を恐れて少しも心を乱すな。
Word by Word
उपपद्यतिattains, comes to (befalls)
उपपद्यति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउपपद् (धातु)
FormLat (Present), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
धर्मज्ञO knower of dharma
धर्मज्ञ:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootधर्मज्ञ
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
यथाas, according to
यथा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
पापफलोपगम्the attainment of the fruit of sin
पापफलोपगम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपापफलोपग
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
तस्मात्therefore, from that
तस्मात्:
Apadana
TypePronoun
Rootतस्मद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Ablative, Singular
मृत्युभयात्from fear of death
मृत्युभयात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootमृत्युभय
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
कीटO insect (worm)
कीट:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootकीट
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
माdo not
मा:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमा
FormProhibitive particle with imperative/optative
व्यथिष्ठाःbe distressed, be anxious
व्यथिष्ठाः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootव्यथ् (धातु)
FormLot (Imperative), 2nd, Singular, Atmanepada
कथंचनin any way, at all
कथंचन:
Adhikarana
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथंचन
Speaker
व्यास उवाच
Characters & Entities
V
VyāsaD
dharmajña (addressee)K
kīṭa (addressee)Character Dynamics
Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)
Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)
Philosophical Teaching
Political Layer
Meter (Chandas)
Sandhi Notes
Educational Q&A
The verse emphasizes moral causality: the fruits of wrongdoing inevitably arrive in accordance with one’s actions, so one should not be overwhelmed by fear of death but face outcomes with steadiness and ethical clarity.
Vyāsa addresses someone he calls a 'knower of dharma' while also using the humbling address 'worm,' urging the listener not to panic about death, reminding them that consequences unfold according to one’s deeds.