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Shloka 24

Adhyāya 122 — Śruta-vṛtta-yukta Brāhmaṇa and the Ethics of Dāna

Maitreya–Vyāsa Saṃvāda

तिर्यग्योन्या: शूद्रताम भ्युपैति शूद्रो वैश्य॑ क्षत्रियत्वं च वैश्य: । वृत्तश्लाघी क्षत्रियो ब्राह्मणत्वं स्वर्ग पुण्यं ब्राह्मण: साधुवृत्त:

tiryagyonyāḥ śūdratām abhyupaiti śūdro vaiśyaṃ kṣatriyatvaṃ ca vaiśyaḥ | vṛttaślāghī kṣatriyo brāhmaṇatvaṃ svargaṃ puṇyaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ sādhuvṛttaḥ ||

ヴィヤーサは言った。畜生の胎(ティリヤグ・ヨーニ)に生まれた者が、その歩みのうちに上へと昇るとき、まず首陀羅(シュードラ)の位を得る。首陀羅は吠舎(ヴァイシャ)に生まれ、吠舎は刹帝利(クシャトリヤ)に生まれ、そして正しい行いをもって称えられる刹帝利は婆羅門(ブラーフマナ)に生まれる。さらに、善き行いに堅く立つ婆羅門は、功徳に満ちた天界へ至る。この一節は、上昇を単なる身分の移り変わりではなく、行為と積まれた功徳に支配される道徳的な軌跡として描いている。

तिर्यक्in an animal (non-human) state
तिर्यक्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootतिर्यक्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
योन्याḥfrom the womb/species
योन्याḥ:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootयोनि
FormFeminine, Ablative, Singular
शूद्रताम्the state of being a Śūdra
शूद्रताम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्रता
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
अभ्युपैतिattains, reaches
अभ्युपैति:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootउप-इ (धातु: इ)
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
शूद्रःa Śūdra
शूद्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशूद्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैश्यत्वम्the state of being a Vaiśya
वैश्यत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्यत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
वैश्यःa Vaiśya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियत्वम्the state of being a Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रियत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
वृत्तश्लाघीone who is praised for good conduct
वृत्तश्लाघी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृत्त-श्लाघिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kṣatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणत्वम्the state of being a Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणत्वम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मणत्व
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्वर्गम्heaven
स्वर्गम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वर्ग
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
पुण्यम्meritorious, holy
पुण्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootपुण्य
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणःa Brāhmaṇa
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
साधुवृत्तःof good conduct
साधुवृत्तः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसाधु-वृत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular

व्यास उवाच

V
Vyāsa
T
tiryagyoni (animal birth)
Ś
Śūdra
V
Vaiśya
K
Kṣatriya
B
Brāhmaṇa
S
Svarga (heaven)

Educational Q&A

The verse presents an ethical ladder of rebirth: upward movement from non-human birth through human social categories is linked to merit and especially to good conduct (vṛtta/ācāra). The culminating reward is not merely higher birth but the attainment of puṇya-bearing svarga for the sādhuvṛtta Brāhmaṇa.

Vyāsa is speaking in Anuśāsana Parva, giving didactic instruction about dharma and the fruits of conduct. Here he outlines a schematic progression of births—animal to Śūdra to Vaiśya to Kṣatriya to Brāhmaṇa—and then heaven for the Brāhmaṇa established in good conduct.