Shloka 3

कर्मणा मनुज: कुर्वन्‌ हिंसां पार्थिवसत्तम | वाचा च मनसा चैव कथं दु:खात्‌ प्रमुच्यते

karmāṇā manuṣaḥ kurvan hiṁsāṁ pārthiva-sattama | vācā ca manasā caiva kathaṁ duḥkhāt pramucyate ||

ユディシュティラは言った。「王の中の最勝者よ。もし人が行いによって暴力をなし、さらに言葉によって、いや心によってさえ暴力をなすなら、その暴力がもたらす苦しみから、どうして解き放たれ得ようか。」

कर्मणाby action/deed
कर्मणा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकर्मन्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
मनुजःa man/human
मनुजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनुज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कुर्वन्doing/performing
कुर्वन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
हिंसाम्violence/harm
हिंसाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootहिंसा
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पार्थिवसत्तमO best of kings
पार्थिवसत्तम:
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थिव-सत्तम
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular
वाचाby speech/with words
वाचा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootवाच्
FormFeminine, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मनसाby mind/mentally
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
दुःखात्from suffering
दुःखात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootदुःख
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
प्रमुच्यतेis released/freed
प्रमुच्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootप्र-मुच्
FormLat (present), Atmanepada, Third, Singular, Passive (karmani)

युधिछिर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira

Educational Q&A

The verse frames a moral principle: violence is not only physical but also verbal and mental, and such harm generates suffering. Liberation from that suffering requires abandoning hiṁsā at all three levels—deed, speech, and intention.

In Anuśāsana Parva’s dharma-discourse setting, Yudhiṣṭhira questions an authority figure, emphasizing that Vedic tradition praises ahiṁsā. He asks how a person who persists in violence through body, speech, and mind could possibly escape the resulting misery.