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Shloka 13

मांसपरिवर्जन-प्रशंसा (Praise of Abstention from Meat) / Ethics of Ahiṃsā in Diet and Rite

न्यायलब्धं प्रदातव्यं द्विजातिभ्योन्नमुत्तमम्‌ स्वाध्यायं समुपेते भ्य: प्रह्ष्टेनान्तरात्मना

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | nyāyalabdhaṃ pradātavyaṃ dvijātibhyo 'nnam uttamam | svādhyāyaṃ samupetebhyaḥ prahṛṣṭenāntarātmanā ||

ユディシュティラは言った。「正しい手段によって得た財から、最上の食を『二度生まれし者』(ドヴィジャ)に施すべきである。とりわけスヴァーディヤーヤ(聖典の自習・誦習)に励む者には、内より喜び、進んで、敬意をもって与えよ。施しが真にダルマにかなうのは、その源(正しい稼得)とその意(歓喜と尊敬に満ちた施与)がともに清らかであり、学びと霊的規律に身を捧げる者を支えるときである。」

न्याय-लब्धम्rightfully obtained
न्याय-लब्धम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootन्याय + लब्ध (√लभ्)
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
प्रदातव्यम्is to be given / should be given
प्रदातव्यम्:
Karma
TypeVerb
Rootप्र + √दा
FormGerundive (obligative), Singular
द्विजातिभ्यःto the twice-born (Brahmins etc.)
द्विजातिभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormFeminine, Dative, Plural
अन्नम्food
अन्नम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअन्न
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
उत्तमम्excellent, best
उत्तमम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootउत्तम
FormNeuter, Accusative, Singular
स्वाध्यायम्Vedic study / self-recitation
स्वाध्यायम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootस्वाध्याय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समुपेतेभ्यःto those engaged in / devoted to
समुपेतेभ्यः:
Sampradana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम्-उपेत (सम् + उप + √इ)
FormMasculine, Dative, Plural
प्रहृष्टेनwith delighted (mind)
प्रहृष्टेन:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootप्रहृष्ट (प्र + √हृष्)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Singular
अन्तरात्मनाwith the inner self / in one’s heart
अन्तरात्मना:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootअन्तरात्मन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular

युधिछ्िर उवाच

Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
D
dvijāti (twice-born)
S
svādhyāya (sacred study)
A
anna (food)

Educational Q&A

Charity should be made from righteously acquired resources, offered as the best possible food, and given with sincere inner joy—particularly to those devoted to svādhyāya (sacred study).

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma and gifts, Yudhiṣṭhira articulates a rule of proper giving: the donor must ensure just acquisition, worthy recipients (especially students of sacred learning), and a pure, glad intention.