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Shloka 71

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

नाध्यापयेत्‌ तथोच्छिष्टो नाधीयीत कदाचन । वाते च पूतिगन्धे च मनसापि न चिन्तयेत्‌

na adhyāpayet tathocchiṣṭo nādhīyīta kadācana | vāte ca pūtigandhe ca manasāpi na cintayet ||

ビーシュマは言った。「食後、口中に食べ残しがあって不浄の状態にある者は、聖なる文(ヴェーダ)を教えてはならず、また決して自らの誦習(スヴァーディヤーヤ)を行ってはならない。さらに悪臭の風が吹くときは、心の中でさえ誦読を思い浮かべてはならぬ。」この教えは、ヴェーダの学習と教授への畏敬を示し、身体と環境の清浄を、ダルマの規律として求めるものである。

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अध्यापयेत्should teach (recitation)
अध्यापयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootअध्यापय् (अधि+आपय्; causative of अधि+इ/अधि+अय् in sense 'to teach/recite')
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada
तथाthus; likewise
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
उच्छिष्टःone who is impure from food-remnants (after eating)
उच्छिष्टः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootउच्छिष्ट
Formmasculine, nominative, singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अधीयीतshould study/recite (for oneself)
अधीयीत:
TypeVerb
Rootअधि+इ (अधीते)
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Atmanepada
कदाचनever; at any time
कदाचन:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचन
वातेin (a) wind; when wind blows
वाते:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवात
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
पूतिगन्धेin a foul smell/stench
पूतिगन्धे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootपूतिगन्ध
Formmasculine, locative, singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
मनसाwith the mind; mentally
मनसा:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमनस्
Formneuter, instrumental, singular
अपिeven
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
चिन्तयेत्should think/ponder
चिन्तयेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootचिन्त्
FormVidhi-linga, optative, 3, singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

Sacred teaching and self-recitation should be done only in a clean, respectful state: one should not teach or recite while ucchiṣṭa (with food-remnants/impurity), and should avoid even mental recitation in an environment made impure by foul odor.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma and proper conduct, Bhīṣma lays down practical rules of ācāra for study/teaching—specifying when recitation is prohibited due to personal impurity (ucchiṣṭa) or an unsuitable environment (malodorous wind).