Shloka 38

न ब्राह्मणान्‌ परिवदेन्नक्षत्राणि न निर्दिशेत्‌ । तिथिं पक्षस्य न ब्रूयात्‌ तथास्यायुर्न रिष्यते

na brāhmaṇān parivaden nakṣatrāṇi na nirdiśet | tithiṁ pakṣasya na brūyāt tathāsyāyur na riṣyate ||

ビーシュマは言った。「バラモンをそしってはならぬ。また家々を巡って月宿(ナクシャトラ)を言い当てたり、半月のティティ(暦日)を告げ回ったりしてはならぬ。かかる行いを慎めば、人の寿命は損なわれない。」

not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणान्Brahmins
ब्राह्मणान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
परिवदेत्should speak ill of / should revile
परिवदेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootपरि+वद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
नक्षत्राणिlunar mansions / constellations
नक्षत्राणि:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootनक्षत्र
FormNeuter, Accusative, Plural
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
निर्दिशेत्should point out / should indicate
निर्दिशेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootनिर्+दिश्
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तिथिम्lunar day (tithi)
तिथिम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतिथि
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
पक्षस्यof the fortnight
पक्षस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootपक्ष
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्रूयात्should say / should tell
ब्रूयात्:
TypeVerb
Rootब्रू
FormOptative (Vidhi-lin), 3, Singular, Parasmaipada
तथाthus / in that way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
अस्यof him / his
अस्य:
TypePronoun
Rootइदम्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Genitive, Singular
आयुःlifespan
आयुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआयुस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
रिष्यतेis harmed / perishes / is diminished
रिष्यते:
TypeVerb
Rootरिष्
FormPresent (Lat), 3, Singular, Atmanepada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
B
Brāhmaṇas
N
Nakṣatras
T
Tithi
P
Pakṣa (fortnight)

Educational Q&A

Guard one’s speech and conduct: avoid slandering Brāhmaṇas and avoid making a public trade of calendrical/astrological announcements (nakṣatra and tithi). Such restraint is presented as conducive to preserving one’s lifespan.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma and proper behavior. Here he gives a specific rule of conduct concerning respectful speech and refraining from certain public proclamations, linking ethical restraint with well-being and longevity.