Shloka 1

आचारप्रशंसा

Praise of Ācāra as the Basis of Longevity, Fame, and Prosperity

Devanagari script

ऑपन-माज बक। अपि्-छऋाज > यज्ञकर्ता पुरुष 'शम्या' नामक एक काठका डंडा खूब जोर लगाकर फेंकता है

Transliteration

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca | śatāyur uktaḥ puruṣaḥ śatavīryaś ca jāyate | kasmān mriyante puruṣā bālā api pitāmaha ||

Translation

ユディシュティラは言った。「祖父よ、聖典には、人は百年の寿命を定められ、百倍の活力を備えて生まれると説かれています。けれども、幼い頃に死ぬ者が多いのを私たちは目にします。いかなる理由によるのでしょうか。」

Word by Word

• युधिष्ठिरः: Yudhishthira
• युधिष्ठिरः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: युधिष्ठिर
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उवाच: said
• Type: Verb
• Root: वच्
• Form: Perfect (Paroksha-bhuta), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

• शतायुः: having a hundred-year lifespan
• शतायुः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शतायु
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• उक्तः: is said/declared
• Type: Adjective
• Root: वच्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular, kta (past passive participle)

• पुरुषः: a man/person
• पुरुषः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• शतवीर्यः: possessing a hundredfold vigor/power
• शतवीर्यः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शतवीर्य
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• च: and
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च

• जायते: is born
• Type: Verb
• Root: जन्
• Form: Present, Third, Singular, Atmanepada

• कस्मात्: from what cause?/why?
• कस्मात्: Apadana
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: किम्
• Form: Neuter, Ablative, Singular

• म्रियन्ते: die
• Type: Verb
• Root: मृ
• Form: Present, Third, Plural, Atmanepada

• पुरुषाः: people/men
• पुरुषाः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: पुरुष
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• बालाः: young/children
• बालाः: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: बाल
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Plural

• अपि: even/also
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अपि

• पितामह: O grandfather (Bhishma)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पितामह
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

युधिछिर उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Yudhiṣṭhira
• Bhīṣma (addressed as Pitāmaha)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames a dharmic inquiry into the apparent gap between scriptural ideals (a full hundred-year life with vigor) and lived reality (premature death), preparing for an explanation in terms of causes such as karma, conduct, and other determining factors discussed by Bhīṣma.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the Anuśāsana-parvan instruction sequence, Yudhiṣṭhira respectfully questions Bhīṣma about why many humans die in childhood despite scriptural statements about a hundred-year lifespan.