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Garuda Purana — Preta Kalpa, Shloka 11

Āśauca, Daśāha Piṇḍa-Rites, Vṛṣotsarga, Sāpiṇḍīkaraṇa, and the Yama-mārga

Path to Yama

Devanagari script

जन्मन्येकोदकानान्तुत्रिरात्राच्छुद्धिरिष्यते / शावस्य शेषाच्छुध्यन्ति त्र्यहादुदकदायिनः

Transliteration

janmanyekodakānāntutrirātrācchuddhiriṣyate / śāvasya śeṣācchudhyanti tryahādudakadāyinaḥ

Translation

出生の場合、「同じ水を分かつ者」（同一の家に住み共に食する者）には、三夜の後に清浄が定められる。同様に、供水（ウダカ）を捧げる者も、屍に関わる残りの不浄より三日を経て清浄となる。

Word by Word
जन्मनिin (case of) birth
जन्मनि:
Adhikarana (Locative/अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootजन्मन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th/सप्तमी), एकवचन
एकोदकानाम्of ekodaka relatives
एकोदकानाम्:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootएकोदक (प्रातिपदिक) < एक + उदक
Formपुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), बहुवचन; ‘those sharing one water’ (a kin-category)
तुbut/indeed
तु:
Sambandha (Connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु (अव्यय)
Formविरोध/विशेषार्थक-अव्यय (but/indeed)
त्रिरात्रात्after three nights
त्रिरात्रात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootत्रिरात्र (प्रातिपदिक) < त्रि + रात्रि
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन; अपादान—‘after/from three nights’
शुद्धिःpurification
शुद्धिः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootशुद्धि (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), एकवचन
इष्यतेis accepted
इष्यते:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootइष् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि/भावे प्रयोग—‘is considered/accepted’
शावस्यof death-impurity
शावस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootशाव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन
शेषात्from the remainder/after the rest
शेषात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootशेष (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन
शुध्यन्तिbecome purified
शुध्यन्ति:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootशुध् (धातु)
Formलट् (Present/वर्तमान), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद
त्र्यहात्after three days
त्र्यहात्:
Apadana (Ablative/अपादान)
TypeNoun
Rootत्र्यह (प्रातिपदिक) < त्रि + अहन्
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/पञ्चमी), एकवचन
उदकदायिनःthose who offer water (rites)
उदकदायिनः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootउदकदायिन् (प्रातिपदिक) < उदक + दायिन्
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/प्रथमा), बहुवचन; कर्तृवाचक—‘water-givers’ (those who offer water rites)
Speaker

Lord Vishnu (in dialogue with Garuda)

Shraddha Ritual

Beneficiary: Pitr

Timing: Three nights for ekodaka group after birth; three days for udaka-offerers from remaining corpse-related impurity

Philosophical Teaching

Concept: Purification periods vary by relational/ritual proximity: ekodakāna after birth—three nights; udakadāyins after corpse-related remainder—three days.

Vedantic Theme: Dharma operates through gradation (tāratamya) and context-sensitive duty; precision prevents pratyavāya (ritual fault).

Application: Identify whether one is ekodaka (same household/commensal) or an udaka-offerer; observe the three-night/three-day purification before resuming restricted acts.

Verse Rasa

Primary Rasa: shanta

Geographic Context

Type: household/commensal unit (ekodaka) and water-offering circle (udakadāyin)

Cross References

Related Themes: 2.5.10 on sapinda daśāha; Garuda Purana śrāddha passages on udaka (tarpana) and eligibility during impurity (contextual)

Characters & Entities
G
Garuda
V
Vishnu

FAQs

This verse sets a standard purification window: three nights after a birth for the ekodaka household, and three days for those engaged in water-offerings connected to a death, framing aśauca as time-bound and ritually resolvable.

It links corpse-related impurity (śāva-aśauca) with the duty of udaka-dāna, stating that the performers of these water rites return to ritual purity after three days, reinforcing the structured progression of post-death observances.

Observe a defined period of restraint and cleanliness after birth or death events, and complete the prescribed water-offerings and related duties; the verse emphasizes disciplined closure rather than indefinite impurity.

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